Drop the chunk palette; chunks are plain u16 tile arrays

The 64-entry per-chunk palette was a wire-format artifact and capped a chunk
at 64 distinct tiles. A Chunk is now Box<[u16; 1024]> with flags derived from
the id on lookup — the same layout a binary on-disk format would use.

Map path becomes the first CLI argument; assets/map_large is a generated
256×256 stress map (loads in ~0.5 ms release). The snapshot test takes
SNAPSHOT_MAP.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Cargo.lock

@@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ version = "0.1.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "366ffbaa4442f4684d91e2cd7c5ea7c4ed8add41959a31447066e279e432b618"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "adler2"
+version = "2.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "320119579fcad9c21884f5c4861d16174d0e06250625266f50fe6898340abefa"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
 version = "0.8.12"
@@ -228,15 +234,6 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "613afe47fcd5fac7ccf1db93babcb082c5994d996f20b8b159f2ad1658eb5724"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "client"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "bytemuck",
- "pbio",
- "shared",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "codespan-reporting"
 version = "0.12.0"
@@ -328,6 +325,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crc32fast"
+version = "1.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "01a7799fd6b852db0e61728dde9a204c423b44d689dbd432522543614b490e78"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crossbeam-utils"
 version = "0.8.21"
@@ -398,12 +404,32 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "fdeflate"
+version = "0.3.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e6853b52649d4ac5c0bd02320cddc5ba956bdb407c4b75a2c6b75bf51500f8c"
+dependencies = [
+ "simd-adler32",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "find-msvc-tools"
 version = "0.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "52051878f80a721bb68ebfbc930e07b65ba72f2da88968ea5c06fd6ca3d3a127"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "flate2"
+version = "1.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e634e2e0ebac1ee034020da1ca582e17ffe4e0f5e985823721e168928136dcb"
+dependencies = [
+ "crc32fast",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.9.1",
+ "zlib-rs",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "foldhash"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -443,6 +469,15 @@ version = "0.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "aa9a19cbb55df58761df49b23516a86d432839add4af60fc256da840f66ed35b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "game"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "pbio",
+ "png",
+ "sim",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "gethostname"
 version = "1.1.0"
@@ -798,6 +833,26 @@ dependencies = [
  "paste",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.8.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1fa76a2c86f704bdb222d66965fb3d63269ce38518b83cb0575fca855ebb6316"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler2",
+ "simd-adler32",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "miniz_oxide"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b63fbc4a50860e98e7b2aa7804ded1db5cbc3aff9193adaff57a6931bf7c4b4c"
+dependencies = [
+ "adler2",
+ "simd-adler32",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "naga"
 version = "27.0.3"
@@ -854,10 +909,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "jni-sys 0.3.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "netsim"
-version = "0.1.0"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.19"
@@ -1168,7 +1219,7 @@ checksum = "57c0d7b74b563b49d38dae00a0c37d4d6de9b432382b2892f0574ddcae73fd0a"
 [[package]]
 name = "pbio"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://codeberg.org/irrlicht/rust-pbio.git#2d814718200a5585216f90766693bca1582b3c0e"
+source = "git+https://git.bnd.wtf/irrlicht/pbio.git?branch=truecolor16#8c647d3700fe3196d0fd511e80bc3c60b0b8f1ae"
 dependencies = [
  "bytemuck",
  "pollster",
@@ -1220,6 +1271,19 @@ version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b4596b6d070b27117e987119b4dac604f3c58cfb0b191112e24771b2faeac1a6"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "png"
+version = "0.18.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "60769b8b31b2a9f263dae2776c37b1b28ae246943cf719eb6946a1db05128a61"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.10.0",
+ "crc32fast",
+ "fdeflate",
+ "flate2",
+ "miniz_oxide 0.8.9",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "polling"
 version = "3.11.0"
@@ -1471,27 +1535,22 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "server"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "bytemuck",
- "shared",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "shared"
-version = "0.1.0"
-dependencies = [
- "bytemuck",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "shlex"
 version = "1.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0fda2ff0d084019ba4d7c6f371c95d8fd75ce3524c3cb8fb653a3023f6323e64"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "sim"
+version = "0.1.0"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "simd-adler32"
+version = "0.3.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3a219298ac11a56ea9a6d2120044824d6f01aeb034955e7af7bc16858527deea"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "simd_cesu8"
 version = "1.1.1"
@@ -2421,3 +2480,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "syn",
 ]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zlib-rs"
+version = "0.6.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b268e58e7c693d7c271f93ffc4ba3b380412554231c85bf61ca7af91042a4112"

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 [workspace]
-members = ["shared", "client", "server", "netsim"]
+members = ["sim", "game"]
 resolver = "2"

assets/map_large

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
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client/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "client"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2024"
-
-[dependencies]
-shared = { path = "../shared" }
-pbio = { git = "https://codeberg.org/irrlicht/rust-pbio.git" }
-bytemuck = { version = "1.24.0", features = ["derive"] }

client/src/assets.rs

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::Read;
-
-pub struct Image {
-    pub width:  u32,
-    pub height: u32,
-    pub pixels: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-impl Image {
-    /// Load an 8-bit indexed TGA (type 1 or type 9) from disk.
-    pub fn from_tga(path: &str) -> Self {
-        let mut file = File::open(path).unwrap();
-        let mut data = Vec::new();
-        file.read_to_end(&mut data).unwrap();
-
-        let image_type = data[2];
-        let width  = u16::from_le_bytes([data[12], data[13]]) as u32;
-        let height = u16::from_le_bytes([data[14], data[15]]) as u32;
-        let colormap_entries = u16::from_le_bytes([data[5], data[6]]) as usize;
-        let colormap_entry_bytes = data[7] as usize / 8;
-        let pixel_offset = 18 + colormap_entries * colormap_entry_bytes;
-
-        let pixel_count = (width * height) as usize;
-        let mut pixels = vec![0u8; pixel_count];
-        match image_type {
-            1 => pixels.copy_from_slice(&data[pixel_offset..pixel_offset + pixel_count]),
-            9 => decode_rle(&data[pixel_offset..], &mut pixels),
-            _ => panic!("unsupported TGA image type: {}", image_type),
-        }
-
-        Image { width, height, pixels }
-    }
-
-    /// Split this image into 8×8 tiles, row-major. Tile ID = flat index into the Vec.
-    pub fn to_tileset(&self) -> Vec<[u8; 64]> {
-        let w = self.width as usize;
-        let cols = w / 8;
-        let rows = self.height as usize / 8;
-        let mut tiles = Vec::with_capacity(rows * cols);
-        for row in 0..rows {
-            for col in 0..cols {
-                let mut tile = [0u8; 64];
-                for tr in 0..8 {
-                    for tc in 0..8 {
-                        tile[tr * 8 + tc] = self.pixels[w * (row * 8 + tr) + col * 8 + tc];
-                    }
-                }
-                tiles.push(tile);
-            }
-        }
-        tiles
-    }
-}
-
-fn decode_rle(src: &[u8], dst: &mut [u8]) {
-    let mut si = 0;
-    let mut di = 0;
-    while di < dst.len() {
-        let header = src[si];
-        si += 1;
-        let count = (header & 0x7f) as usize + 1;
-        if header & 0x80 != 0 {
-            dst[di..di + count].fill(src[si]);
-            si += 1;
-        } else {
-            dst[di..di + count].copy_from_slice(&src[si..si + count]);
-            si += count;
-        }
-        di += count;
-    }
-}

client/src/game.rs

@@ -1,560 +0,0 @@
-mod pathfind;
-mod pixelhelper;
-
-use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
-
-use crate::assets::Image;
-use crate::input::{GameAction, InputState};
-use crate::net::{EntityInfo, NetClient, NetEvent};
-use shared::{chunk_id, delta_action, player_action, step_allowed, tile_collidable, TICKS_PER_MOVE};
-
-pub enum GameSignal {
-    Quit,
-}
-
-/// The server's movement cadence (24 Hz base tick, movement on every 4th tick
-/// → 6 Hz ≈ 167 ms/tile). Entity interpolation lerps over this interval.
-const MOVE_INTERVAL_MS: usize = 167;
-
-/// Length of one server tick. Steps are not paced by a local timer but scheduled onto
-/// the server's tick timeline, estimated from the last `StatePacket` plus elapsed time.
-const TICK_MS: f32 = 1000.0 / shared::TICK_HZ as f32;
-
-/// Length of one movement window.
-const WINDOW_MS: f32 = TICK_MS * TICKS_PER_MOVE as f32;
-
-/// Safety margin on top of the measured RTT when choosing the scheduling lead — covers
-/// jitter and the server answering pings on its tick grid.
-const LEAD_MARGIN_MS: f32 = 50.0;
-
-/// RTT sampling interval; the measurement drives the scheduling lead.
-const PING_INTERVAL_MS: usize = 1000;
-
-/// Upper bound on queued-but-unconfirmed steps — purely a prediction bound: window
-/// addressing already caps what the server will hold (windows are consecutive and only
-/// `sched_lead` ahead), while confirmations lag a full RTT behind, so on a slow link
-/// several correct steps are legitimately in flight at once. Steps whose window the
-/// acknowledgment cursor has passed expire automatically, so the path can never go
-/// permanently stale.
-const PATH_MAX_LEN: usize = 8;
-
-/// Palette index for the path indicator. Pure blue in RGB332 (r=0, g=0, b=3).
-const PATH_COLOR: u8 = 0b000_000_11;
-
-/// Dimmer blue for planned-but-not-yet-sent route tiles (r=0, g=0, b=2).
-const ROUTE_COLOR: u8 = 0b000_000_10;
-
-/// Viewport geometry: 30×30 tiles of 8 px, top-left of the framebuffer.
-const VIEW_TILES: i32 = 30;
-const TILE_PX: i32 = 8;
-const VIEW_PX: i32 = VIEW_TILES * TILE_PX;
-
-/// Camera pan speed. The player walks 8 px per 167 ms ≈ 48 px/s; the camera is a bit
-/// faster, so it trails during movement and settles right after the player stops.
-const CAM_SPEED: f32 = 64.0; // px/s
-
-/// A position correction farther than this is a teleport — snap instead of panning.
-const CAM_SNAP_PX: f32 = 96.0;
-
-/// Render-side smoothing state for one entity: the previously confirmed tile and how
-/// long ago the current one was confirmed. Positions are tiles; rendering lerps between
-/// them in pixels over one movement interval.
-struct EntityLerp {
-    prev: (i32, i32),
-    cur:  (i32, i32),
-    t_ms: usize,
-}
-
-/// One sent-but-unacknowledged step: the movement window it is scheduled for and its
-/// *delta* — deliberately not an absolute tile. The server executes deltas, so the
-/// prediction is derived by replaying pending deltas on top of the last authoritative
-/// position: a server surprise shifts the whole prediction instead of invalidating it.
-/// The window is both the retraction address and the expiry key against the ack cursor.
-struct PathStep {
-    window: u32,
-    delta:  (i32, i32),
-}
-
-pub struct Game {
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    tileset:          Vec<[u8; 64]>,
-    entity_tileset:   Vec<[u8; 64]>,
-    net:              NetClient,
-    player_entity_id: u32,
-    /// Authoritative position, as last confirmed by the server.
-    player_pos:       (i32, i32),
-    /// Queued future steps: sent to the server but not yet confirmed. Shown as the
-    /// planned path; the head is consumed as the server confirms each move.
-    path:             VecDeque<PathStep>,
-    /// Planned route from click-to-move: tiles not yet sent to the server. Fed into
-    /// `path` one step per movement window. Keyboard input cancels it.
-    route:            VecDeque<(i32, i32)>,
-    /// The persistent movement goal. Outlives the route: any surprise (blocked step,
-    /// server divergence) triggers a replan toward it, and while the mouse is held it
-    /// tracks the tile under the cursor. Cleared on arrival, unreachability, keyboard
-    /// override, or a click on an unreachable tile.
-    goal:             Option<(i32, i32)>,
-    /// Tick clock: the last tick announced by a `StatePacket` and how long ago it
-    /// arrived — together an estimate of the server's current tick.
-    server_tick:      u32,
-    tick_age_ms:      usize,
-    /// Smoothed round-trip time from the automatic pings; `0` until the first pong.
-    rtt_ms:           f32,
-    ping_accum_ms:    usize,
-    /// Highest movement window a step was scheduled for. At most one step is scheduled
-    /// per window; retraction lowers this so freed windows can be re-addressed.
-    last_sched_window: u32,
-    /// Viewport top-left in world pixels. Follows the player linearly instead of
-    /// snapping tile-to-tile; only rendering rounds it to whole pixels.
-    cam:              (f32, f32),
-    entities:         Vec<EntityInfo>,
-    /// Per-entity interpolation state, keyed by entity id. Purely cosmetic — all game
-    /// logic keeps using the authoritative tile positions.
-    lerp:             HashMap<u32, EntityLerp>,
-}
-
-impl Game {
-    pub fn start(server_addr: std::net::SocketAddr) -> Self {
-        let image = Image::from_tga("assets/tilesets/overworld.tga");
-        let tileset = image.to_tileset();
-        let entity_tileset = Image::from_tga("assets/tilesets/entities.tga").to_tileset();
-        let player_pos = (16, 16);
-        Game {
-            tileset,
-            entity_tileset,
-            net:              NetClient::new(server_addr),
-            player_entity_id: 0,
-            player_pos,
-            path:             VecDeque::new(),
-            route:            VecDeque::new(),
-            goal:             None,
-            server_tick:      0,
-            tick_age_ms:      0,
-            rtt_ms:           0.0,
-            ping_accum_ms:    PING_INTERVAL_MS, // first ping fires immediately
-            last_sched_window: 0,
-            cam:              (
-                (player_pos.0 * TILE_PX - VIEW_PX / 2) as f32,
-                (player_pos.1 * TILE_PX - VIEW_PX / 2) as f32,
-            ),
-            entities:         Vec::new(),
-            lerp:             HashMap::new(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// True if the world tile at `(wx, wy)` blocks movement. An unknown chunk (outside the
-    /// loaded world) counts as blocked, so we never predict into the void.
-    fn tile_blocked(&self, wx: i32, wy: i32) -> bool {
-        let cid = chunk_id(wx.div_euclid(32) as i16, wy.div_euclid(32) as i16);
-        match self.net.chunk_cache.get(&cid) {
-            Some(c) => {
-                let idx = wy.rem_euclid(32) as usize * 32 + wx.rem_euclid(32) as usize;
-                tile_collidable(c.tiles[idx])
-            }
-            None => true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn update(&mut self, render_frame: &mut [u8], dt: usize, input: &InputState)
-        -> Option<GameSignal>
-    {
-        self.tick_age_ms += dt;
-
-        // Periodic RTT sampling — the measurement drives how far ahead steps are
-        // scheduled (`sched_lead`), so it has to stay current on a changing link.
-        self.ping_accum_ms += dt;
-        if self.ping_accum_ms >= PING_INTERVAL_MS {
-            self.ping_accum_ms = 0;
-            self.net.send_ping();
-        }
-
-        if input.mouse_clicked() || input.mouse_held() {
-            self.handle_click(input.mouse_pos(), !input.mouse_clicked());
-        }
-
-        self.step_movement(input);
-
-        if input.button_pressed(GameAction::Confirm) {
-            self.net.send_ping();
-            println!("ping sent");
-        }
-
-        for event in self.net.poll() {
-            match event {
-                NetEvent::Pong   { rtt_ms }            => {
-                    self.rtt_ms = if self.rtt_ms == 0.0 {
-                        rtt_ms as f32
-                    } else {
-                        0.8 * self.rtt_ms + 0.2 * rtt_ms as f32
-                    };
-                }
-                NetEvent::State  { tick, player_entity_id } => {
-                    println!("state tick={tick} player_entity_id={player_entity_id}");
-                    self.player_entity_id = player_entity_id;
-                    self.server_tick = tick;
-                    self.tick_age_ms = 0;
-                }
-                NetEvent::Chunk  { chunk_id }          => println!("chunk cached id={chunk_id}"),
-                NetEvent::Entity { tick, entities }    => {
-                    self.player_pos = entities.iter()
-                        .find(|e| e.id == self.player_entity_id)
-                        .map(|e| (e.pos_x as i32, e.pos_y as i32))
-                        .unwrap_or(self.player_pos);
-                    self.reconcile_path(tick);
-                    self.track_lerp(&entities);
-                    self.entities = entities;
-                }
-                NetEvent::Disconnected                 => println!("disconnected from server"),
-            }
-        }
-
-        if input.button_pressed(GameAction::Cancel) {
-            println!("Goodbye!");
-            return Some(GameSignal::Quit);
-        }
-
-        self.step_camera(dt);
-        self.step_lerp(dt);
-        self.render_viewport(render_frame);
-        None
-    }
-
-    /// Replay one pending delta the way the server will: through the shared movement
-    /// rule. A delta the server is going to reject does not move the prediction either —
-    /// so the prediction can never sit inside a wall, however far position and pending
-    /// steps have diverged.
-    fn replay_step(&self, p: (i32, i32), delta: (i32, i32)) -> (i32, i32) {
-        let to = (p.0 + delta.0, p.1 + delta.1);
-        if step_allowed(p, to, |x, y| self.tile_blocked(x, y)) { to } else { p }
-    }
-
-    /// The position movement continues from: the last authoritative position with every
-    /// pending delta replayed on top. Never stored — always derived, so it follows the
-    /// server automatically when a step was rejected or executed elsewhere.
-    fn predicted_pos(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
-        self.path.iter()
-            .fold(self.player_pos, |p, s| self.replay_step(p, s.delta))
-    }
-
-    /// Estimated current server tick: the last announced tick advanced by local elapsed
-    /// time. Broadcast latency makes this lag slightly behind the real server clock —
-    /// scheduling one window ahead plus the server's lateness rule absorbs that.
-    fn est_tick(&self) -> f32 {
-        self.server_tick as f32 + self.tick_age_ms as f32 / TICK_MS
-    }
-
-    /// The movement window the estimated server time is currently in.
-    fn est_window(&self) -> u32 {
-        (self.est_tick() / TICKS_PER_MOVE as f32) as u32
-    }
-
-    /// How many windows ahead to schedule so actions arrive *before* their window. The
-    /// tick estimate lags by the downlink and the action spends the uplink in transit —
-    /// together one RTT — so the lead must cover the RTT plus a jitter margin. At least
-    /// one: never schedule into the current window.
-    fn sched_lead(&self) -> u32 {
-        (((self.rtt_ms + LEAD_MARGIN_MS) / WINDOW_MS).ceil() as u32).max(1)
-    }
-
-    /// The newest window whose scheduled step can no longer be retracted in time: a
-    /// cancellation sent now needs the same lead an action does.
-    fn retract_horizon(&self) -> u32 {
-        self.est_window() + self.sched_lead() - 1
-    }
-
-    /// Where the camera wants to be: the viewport centered on the player's tile.
-    fn cam_target(&self) -> (f32, f32) {
-        (
-            (self.player_pos.0 * TILE_PX - VIEW_PX / 2) as f32,
-            (self.player_pos.1 * TILE_PX - VIEW_PX / 2) as f32,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// The camera rounded to the pixel grid — the actual top-left of the rendered view.
-    fn cam_px(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
-        (self.cam.0.round() as i32, self.cam.1.round() as i32)
-    }
-
-    /// Follow the player linearly at `CAM_SPEED`, axis by axis. Corrections beyond
-    /// `CAM_SNAP_PX` (teleports, respawns) snap outright instead of panning across.
-    fn step_camera(&mut self, dt: usize) {
-        let (tx, ty) = self.cam_target();
-        if (tx - self.cam.0).abs().max((ty - self.cam.1).abs()) > CAM_SNAP_PX {
-            self.cam = (tx, ty);
-            return;
-        }
-        let step = CAM_SPEED * dt as f32 / 1000.0;
-        let approach = |c: f32, t: f32| {
-            if (t - c).abs() <= step { t } else { c + step * (t - c).signum() }
-        };
-        self.cam = (approach(self.cam.0, tx), approach(self.cam.1, ty));
-    }
-
-    /// Click-to-move: translate a framebuffer click into a world tile and adopt it as
-    /// the movement goal. The route is only a client-side plan — executed as ordinary
-    /// tick-addressed actions in `step_movement`, so the server keeps full authority.
-    /// With `hold` (button held after the initial click) this runs every frame and keeps
-    /// steering toward the tile under the cursor, replanning only when that tile changes
-    /// — camera movement alone shifts it too, not just moving the mouse.
-    fn handle_click(&mut self, (mx, my): (i32, i32), hold: bool) {
-        if mx < 0 || my < 0 || mx >= VIEW_PX || my >= VIEW_PX {
-            return; // outside the world viewport
-        }
-        let (cx, cy) = self.cam_px();
-        let goal = ((cx + mx).div_euclid(TILE_PX), (cy + my).div_euclid(TILE_PX));
-
-        // While steering, an unchanged goal needs no replan — unless the route was voided
-        // (blocked step) before reaching it; an empty route with the goal still ahead of
-        // the prediction means exactly that, so plan again.
-        if hold && self.goal == Some(goal)
-            && (!self.route.is_empty() || self.predicted_pos() == goal)
-        {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // Plan from where the player will be once the retractable steps are withdrawn:
-        // the confirmed position plus the deltas that can no longer be cancelled in
-        // time — not the tip of a prediction we are about to cancel.
-        let horizon = self.retract_horizon();
-        let start = self.path.iter()
-            .take_while(|s| s.window <= horizon)
-            .fold(self.player_pos, |p, s| self.replay_step(p, s.delta));
-
-        match pathfind::find_path(start, goal, |x, y| self.tile_blocked(x, y)) {
-            Some(steps) => {
-                // The plan changed: retract every scheduled-but-unexecuted step so the
-                // old intent cannot keep playing out on the server.
-                self.retract_future_steps();
-                self.route = steps.into();
-                self.goal = Some(goal);
-            }
-            // A discrete click on an unreachable tile cancels the plan; while steering,
-            // sweeping the cursor across a blocked tile keeps the current plan alive.
-            None if !hold => {
-                self.route.clear();
-                self.goal = None;
-            }
-            None => {}
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Movement scheduling on the server timeline. A held direction key (which cancels
-    /// any goal) or the next planned route tile is addressed to the *next* movement
-    /// window — at most one step per window, so the send rate follows the server's
-    /// cadence by construction instead of racing it with a local timer. Steps are
-    /// validated locally with the shared movement rule; a blocked route step triggers
-    /// a replan toward the goal.
-    fn step_movement(&mut self, input: &InputState) {
-        // Both axes combine, so two held keys walk diagonally (a king move).
-        let kx = input.button_held(GameAction::Right) as i32
-               - input.button_held(GameAction::Left)  as i32;
-        let ky = input.button_held(GameAction::Down)  as i32
-               - input.button_held(GameAction::Up)    as i32;
-        let dir = (kx != 0 || ky != 0).then_some((kx, ky));
-
-        if dir.is_some() {
-            // Manual input overrides click-to-move entirely, goal included.
-            self.route.clear();
-            self.goal = None;
-        }
-
-        let target = self.est_window() + self.sched_lead();
-        let ready = target > self.last_sched_window && self.path.len() < PATH_MAX_LEN;
-        let from = self.predicted_pos();
-
-        // The next step: either from the held key, or the head of the planned route.
-        let step = match dir {
-            Some((dx, dy)) => Some((from.0 + dx, from.1 + dy)),
-            None           => self.route.front().copied(),
-        };
-
-        if let Some((nx, ny)) = step
-            && ready
-        {
-            let allowed = step_allowed(from, (nx, ny), |x, y| self.tile_blocked(x, y));
-            if allowed {
-                if dir.is_none() {
-                    self.route.pop_front();
-                }
-                self.path.push_back(PathStep { window: target, delta: (nx - from.0, ny - from.1) });
-                self.net.send_action(
-                    delta_action(nx - from.0, ny - from.1),
-                    target * TICKS_PER_MOVE,
-                );
-                self.last_sched_window = target;
-            } else if dir.is_none() {
-                self.replan_route();
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Retract queued steps the server has (very likely) not executed yet: every step
-    /// addressed past the current estimated window gets a NOOP sent to its slot
-    /// (replacement = cancellation) and leaves the prediction. Steps at or before the
-    /// current window are left to be confirmed — cancelling those would race their
-    /// execution. Freed windows become addressable again.
-    fn retract_future_steps(&mut self) {
-        let horizon = self.retract_horizon();
-        while let Some(step) = self.path.back() {
-            if step.window <= horizon {
-                break;
-            }
-            self.net.send_action(player_action::NOOP, step.window * TICKS_PER_MOVE);
-            self.path.pop_back();
-        }
-        self.last_sched_window = self.path.back().map_or(horizon, |s| s.window);
-    }
-
-    /// Replan the route from the current prediction toward the persistent goal — the
-    /// client-side reaction to any surprise (blocked step, server divergence). Gives
-    /// the goal up only when it is reached or has become unreachable.
-    fn replan_route(&mut self) {
-        self.route.clear();
-        let Some(goal) = self.goal else { return };
-        if self.predicted_pos() == goal {
-            self.goal = None;
-            return;
-        }
-        match pathfind::find_path(self.predicted_pos(), goal, |x, y| self.tile_blocked(x, y)) {
-            Some(steps) => self.route = steps.into(),
-            None        => self.goal = None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Fold a fresh authoritative entity list into the interpolation table: a changed
-    /// position starts a new lerp from the old one, a jump of more than one tile
-    /// (Chebyshev — a teleport) snaps, and vanished entities are dropped.
-    fn track_lerp(&mut self, entities: &[EntityInfo]) {
-        for e in entities {
-            let cur = (e.pos_x as i32, e.pos_y as i32);
-            self.lerp.entry(e.id)
-                .and_modify(|l| {
-                    if l.cur != cur {
-                        let far = (cur.0 - l.cur.0).abs().max((cur.1 - l.cur.1).abs()) > 1;
-                        l.prev = if far { cur } else { l.cur };
-                        l.cur = cur;
-                        l.t_ms = 0;
-                    }
-                })
-                .or_insert(EntityLerp { prev: cur, cur, t_ms: 0 });
-        }
-        self.lerp.retain(|id, _| entities.iter().any(|e| e.id == *id));
-    }
-
-    /// Advance all interpolation clocks; each lerp completes after one movement interval.
-    fn step_lerp(&mut self, dt: usize) {
-        for l in self.lerp.values_mut() {
-            l.t_ms = (l.t_ms + dt).min(MOVE_INTERVAL_MS);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// An entity's render position in world pixels: between its previous and current
-    /// tile, proportional to the time since the current one was confirmed.
-    fn entity_px(&self, e: &EntityInfo) -> (i32, i32) {
-        let cur = (e.pos_x as i32 * TILE_PX, e.pos_y as i32 * TILE_PX);
-        match self.lerp.get(&e.id) {
-            Some(l) => {
-                let f = l.t_ms as f32 / MOVE_INTERVAL_MS as f32;
-                let mix = |a: i32, b: i32| a + ((b - a) as f32 * f).round() as i32;
-                (mix(l.prev.0 * TILE_PX, cur.0), mix(l.prev.1 * TILE_PX, cur.1))
-            }
-            None => cur,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Fold a fresh authoritative snapshot into the prediction. The snapshot's tick is
-    /// an acknowledgment cursor on the shared timeline: every movement window at or
-    /// before it has been consumed — executed, rejected or lost, it no longer matters
-    /// which — so those steps expire, and the remaining deltas replay on top of the
-    /// confirmed position (`predicted_pos`). A server surprise thus *shifts* the
-    /// prediction instead of invalidating it; if the shifted route no longer connects
-    /// or misses the goal, send-time validation triggers a replan toward the goal.
-    fn reconcile_path(&mut self, tick: u32) {
-        let ack_window = tick / TICKS_PER_MOVE;
-        while self.path.front().is_some_and(|s| s.window <= ack_window) {
-            self.path.pop_front();
-        }
-        if self.path.is_empty() && self.route.is_empty() && self.goal == Some(self.player_pos) {
-            self.goal = None; // arrived — a later server correction must not walk us back
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn render_viewport(&self, frame: &mut [u8]) {
-        const WALL: u8 = 0x00;
-        const W: usize = 320;
-
-        frame.fill(0);
-
-        let (cx, cy) = self.cam_px();
-        let tx0 = cx.div_euclid(TILE_PX);
-        let ty0 = cy.div_euclid(TILE_PX);
-        let sx = -cx.rem_euclid(TILE_PX);
-        let sy = -cy.rem_euclid(TILE_PX);
-
-        // One extra row and column: with a sub-tile camera offset the viewport spans
-        // partial tiles on both edges.
-        for vy in 0..=VIEW_TILES {
-            for vx in 0..=VIEW_TILES {
-                let wx = tx0 + vx;
-                let wy = ty0 + vy;
-                let cid = chunk_id(wx.div_euclid(32) as i16, wy.div_euclid(32) as i16);
-                let tile_idx = wy.rem_euclid(32) as usize * 32 + wx.rem_euclid(32) as usize;
-                let tile_id = self.net.chunk_cache.get(&cid)
-                    .map(|c| c.tiles[tile_idx])
-                    .unwrap_or(0);
-                let px = sx + vx * TILE_PX;
-                let py = sy + vy * TILE_PX;
-                if let Some(tile) = self.tileset.get(tile_id as usize) {
-                    pixelhelper::blit_tile(frame, W, px, py, tile);
-                } else {
-                    for dy in 0..8 {
-                        for dx in 0..8 {
-                            pixelhelper::set_pixel(frame, W, px + dx, py + dy, WALL);
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Path pass — in-flight steps bright, planned-route tiles dim; over the world,
-        // under entities.
-        // Path tiles are derived by replaying the pending deltas from the confirmed
-        // position — the same fold the prediction uses (a rejected step marks in place).
-        let mut acc = self.player_pos;
-        let marks = self.path.iter()
-            .map(|s| {
-                acc = self.replay_step(acc, s.delta);
-                (acc, PATH_COLOR)
-            })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>().into_iter()
-            .chain(self.route.iter().map(|&p| (p, ROUTE_COLOR)));
-        for ((wx, wy), color) in marks {
-            let px = wx * TILE_PX - cx;
-            let py = wy * TILE_PX - cy;
-            if px <= -TILE_PX || px >= VIEW_PX || py <= -TILE_PX || py >= VIEW_PX { continue; }
-            for dy in 0..8 {
-                for dx in 0..8 {
-                    pixelhelper::set_pixel(frame, W, px + dx, py + dy, color);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Entity pass — interpolated between the last two confirmed positions.
-        for e in &self.entities {
-            let (ex, ey) = self.entity_px(e);
-            let px = ex - cx;
-            let py = ey - cy;
-            if px <= -TILE_PX || px >= VIEW_PX || py <= -TILE_PX || py >= VIEW_PX { continue; }
-            if let Some(tile) = self.entity_tileset.get(e.type_id as usize) {
-                pixelhelper::blit_tile(frame, W, px, py, tile);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // The blit primitives clip against the framebuffer, not the viewport, so partial
-        // tiles on the right edge bleed into the 240..320 strip. Clear it; a real
-        // clip-rect belongs to the UI pass (see roadmap).
-        for y in 0..240usize {
-            frame[y * W + VIEW_PX as usize..y * W + W].fill(0);
-        }
-    }
-}

client/src/net.rs

@@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::mem::size_of;
-use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-use bytemuck::bytes_of;
-use shared::{ActionPacket, ChunkEntry, ChunkPacket, EntityPacket,
-             Header, PingPacket, PongPacket, StatePacket,
-             MAGIC, VERSION, packet_type};
-
-pub struct CachedChunk {
-    pub version: u16,
-    pub tiles:   Box<[u16; 1024]>,  // decoded global tile IDs
-}
-
-pub struct EntityInfo {
-    pub id:      u32,
-    pub type_id: u16,
-    pub pos_x:   i16,
-    pub pos_y:   i16,
-    pub hp:      u16,
-    pub hp_max:  u16,
-    pub flags:   u8,
-}
-
-pub enum NetEvent {
-    Pong   { rtt_ms: u64 },
-    State  { tick: u32, player_entity_id: u32 },
-    Chunk  { chunk_id: u32 },
-    /// An authoritative entity snapshot taken at server tick `tick` — the tick doubles
-    /// as the acknowledgment cursor for tick-addressed actions: every movement window
-    /// at or before it has been consumed.
-    Entity { tick: u32, entities: Vec<EntityInfo> },
-    Disconnected,
-}
-
-const FNV_BASIS: u32 = 2_166_136_261;
-const FNV_PRIME: u32 = 16_777_619;
-
-pub struct NetClient {
-    socket:                  UdpSocket,
-    ping_sent_at:            Option<Instant>,
-    last_action_sent:        Instant,
-    last_state_received:     Option<Instant>,
-    pub chunk_cache:         HashMap<u32, CachedChunk>,
-    last_state_chunks:       Option<[ChunkEntry; 9]>,
-    pending_entities:        Vec<EntityInfo>,
-    last_entity_checksum:    u32,
-    last_state_tick:         u32,
-    entity_checksum_accum:   u32,
-}
-
-impl NetClient {
-    pub fn new(server_addr: SocketAddr) -> Self {
-        let socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").expect("bind failed");
-        socket.connect(server_addr).expect("connect failed");
-        socket.set_nonblocking(true).expect("set_nonblocking failed");
-        Self {
-            socket,
-            ping_sent_at:             None,
-            last_action_sent:         Instant::now(),
-            last_state_received:      None,
-            chunk_cache:              HashMap::new(),
-            last_state_chunks:        None,
-            pending_entities:         Vec::new(),
-            last_entity_checksum:     0,
-            last_state_tick:          0,
-            entity_checksum_accum:    FNV_BASIS,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Send an action addressed to a server tick (see `ActionPacket::target_tick`).
-    /// `target_tick == 0` is a pure keep-alive / cache-ack with no scheduling intent.
-    pub fn send_action(&mut self, player_action: u16, target_tick: u32) {
-        let packet = ActionPacket {
-            header:        Header::new(packet_type::ACTION),
-            auth_token:    0,
-            target_tick,
-            cache:         {
-                let mut cache = [ChunkEntry { chunk_id: 0, version: 0 }; 9];
-                if let Some(slots) = self.last_state_chunks {
-                    for (i, slot) in slots.iter().enumerate() {
-                        let cid = slot.chunk_id;
-                        let ver = self.chunk_cache.get(&cid)
-                            .map(|c| c.version).unwrap_or(0);
-                        cache[i] = ChunkEntry { chunk_id: cid, version: ver };
-                    }
-                }
-                cache
-            },
-            player_action,
-        };
-        self.socket.send(bytes_of(&packet)).ok();
-        self.last_action_sent = Instant::now();
-    }
-
-    pub fn send_ping(&mut self) {
-        let ping = PingPacket { header: Header::new(packet_type::PING), timestamp_ms: 0 };
-        self.ping_sent_at = Some(Instant::now());
-        self.socket.send(bytes_of(&ping)).ok();
-    }
-
-    pub fn poll(&mut self) -> Vec<NetEvent> {
-        const KEEPALIVE: Duration = Duration::from_secs(2);
-        const TIMEOUT:   Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
-
-        if self.last_action_sent.elapsed() >= KEEPALIVE {
-            self.send_action(shared::player_action::NOOP, 0);
-        }
-
-        let mut events = Vec::new();
-        let mut buf = [0u8; 1200];
-
-        loop {
-            match self.socket.recv(&mut buf) {
-                Ok(n) => {
-                    if n < size_of::<Header>() { continue; }
-                    let header: Header = *bytemuck::from_bytes(&buf[..size_of::<Header>()]);
-                    if header.magic != MAGIC || header.version != VERSION { continue; }
-
-                    match header.packet_type {
-                        packet_type::PONG if n >= size_of::<PongPacket>() => {
-                            if let Some(sent_at) = self.ping_sent_at.take() {
-                                let rtt_ms = sent_at.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
-                                events.push(NetEvent::Pong { rtt_ms });
-                            }
-                        }
-                        packet_type::STATE if n >= size_of::<StatePacket>() => {
-                            let pkt: StatePacket = *bytemuck::from_bytes(&buf[..size_of::<StatePacket>()]);
-                            self.last_state_received = Some(Instant::now());
-                            self.last_state_chunks = Some(pkt.chunks);
-                            self.last_entity_checksum = pkt.entity_checksum;
-                            self.last_state_tick = pkt.tick;
-                            self.pending_entities.clear();
-                            self.entity_checksum_accum = FNV_BASIS;
-                            events.push(NetEvent::State { tick: pkt.tick, player_entity_id: pkt.player_entity_id });
-                        }
-                        packet_type::ENTITY if n >= size_of::<EntityPacket>() => {
-                            let pkt: EntityPacket = *bytemuck::from_bytes(&buf[..size_of::<EntityPacket>()]);
-                            if pkt.tick != self.last_state_tick {
-                                // stale datagram from a previous state cycle
-                            } else {
-                                for i in 0..pkt.entity_count as usize {
-                                    let e = pkt.entities[i];
-                                    for byte in bytemuck::bytes_of(&e) {
-                                        self.entity_checksum_accum ^= *byte as u32;
-                                        self.entity_checksum_accum =
-                                            self.entity_checksum_accum.wrapping_mul(FNV_PRIME);
-                                    }
-                                    self.pending_entities.push(EntityInfo {
-                                        id:      e.id,
-                                        type_id: e.type_id,
-                                        pos_x:   e.pos_x,
-                                        pos_y:   e.pos_y,
-                                        hp:      e.hp,
-                                        hp_max:  e.hp_max,
-                                        flags:   e.entity_flags,
-                                    });
-                                }
-                                if pkt.packet_flags & 1 == 0 {
-                                    // last datagram in sequence
-                                    if self.entity_checksum_accum != self.last_entity_checksum {
-                                        self.send_action(shared::player_action::NOOP, 0);
-                                    }
-                                    events.push(NetEvent::Entity {
-                                        tick:     pkt.tick,
-                                        entities: std::mem::take(&mut self.pending_entities),
-                                    });
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        packet_type::CHUNK if n >= size_of::<ChunkPacket>() => {
-                            let pkt: ChunkPacket = *bytemuck::from_bytes(&buf[..size_of::<ChunkPacket>()]);
-                            let id      = pkt.chunk.chunk_id;
-                            let version = pkt.chunk.version;
-                            let palette = pkt.palette;
-                            let raw     = pkt.tiles;
-                            let mut tiles = Box::new([0u16; 1024]);
-                            for i in 0..256usize {
-                                let b0 = raw[i * 3];
-                                let b1 = raw[i * 3 + 1];
-                                let b2 = raw[i * 3 + 2];
-                                let ia  = (b0 & 0x3F) as usize;
-                                let ib  = ((b0 >> 6) | ((b1 & 0x0F) << 2)) as usize;
-                                let ic  = ((b1 >> 4) | ((b2 & 0x03) << 4)) as usize;
-                                let id_ = (b2 >> 2) as usize;
-                                tiles[i * 4]     = palette[ia];
-                                tiles[i * 4 + 1] = palette[ib];
-                                tiles[i * 4 + 2] = palette[ic];
-                                tiles[i * 4 + 3] = palette[id_];
-                            }
-                            self.chunk_cache.insert(id, CachedChunk { version, tiles });
-                            events.push(NetEvent::Chunk { chunk_id: id });
-                        }
-                        _ => {}
-                    }
-                }
-                Err(e) if e.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => break,
-                Err(_) => break,
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let Some(t) = self.last_state_received {
-            if t.elapsed() >= TIMEOUT {
-                self.last_state_received = None;
-                events.push(NetEvent::Disconnected);
-            }
-        }
-
-        events
-    }
-}

game/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "game"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+sim = { path = "../sim" }
+pbio = { git = "https://git.bnd.wtf/irrlicht/pbio.git", branch = "truecolor16" }
+png = "0.18.1"

game/src/assets.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::BufReader;
+
+/// A decoded image in the framebuffer's pixel format: RGB565 plus a 1-bit alpha
+/// mask. Truecolor sources are quantized on load (8 bit → 5/6/5 by truncation), so an
+/// asset can never be in the "wrong" palette — there is none.
+pub struct Image {
+    pub width:  u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub pixels: Vec<u16>,
+    /// One flag per pixel: `true` = opaque. Alpha ≥ 128 counts as opaque.
+    pub opaque: Vec<bool>,
+}
+
+/// An 8×8 sprite: RGB565 pixels row-major plus an opacity bitmask (bit `y*8+x`).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Tile {
+    pub px:   [u16; 64],
+    pub mask: u64,
+}
+
+impl Image {
+    /// Load a PNG from disk. Any color type / bit depth the `png` crate can expand to
+    /// 8-bit RGBA is accepted.
+    pub fn from_png(path: &str) -> Self {
+        let file = File::open(path).unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("failed to open {path}: {e}"));
+        let mut decoder = png::Decoder::new(BufReader::new(file));
+        decoder.set_transformations(png::Transformations::normalize_to_color8() | png::Transformations::ALPHA);
+        let mut reader = decoder.read_info().unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("bad PNG {path}: {e}"));
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; reader.output_buffer_size().expect("PNG too large")];
+        let info = reader.next_frame(&mut buf).unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("bad PNG {path}: {e}"));
+        assert_eq!(info.color_type, png::ColorType::Rgba, "{path}: expected RGBA after expansion");
+
+        let count = (info.width * info.height) as usize;
+        let mut pixels = Vec::with_capacity(count);
+        let mut opaque = Vec::with_capacity(count);
+        for p in buf[..count * 4].chunks_exact(4) {
+            pixels.push(pbio::rgb565(p[0], p[1], p[2]));
+            opaque.push(p[3] >= 128);
+        }
+        Image { width: info.width, height: info.height, pixels, opaque }
+    }
+
+    /// Split this image into 8×8 tiles, row-major. Tile ID = flat index into the Vec.
+    pub fn to_tileset(&self) -> Vec<Tile> {
+        let w = self.width as usize;
+        let cols = w / 8;
+        let rows = self.height as usize / 8;
+        let mut tiles = Vec::with_capacity(rows * cols);
+        for row in 0..rows {
+            for col in 0..cols {
+                let mut tile = Tile { px: [0; 64], mask: 0 };
+                for tr in 0..8 {
+                    for tc in 0..8 {
+                        let i = w * (row * 8 + tr) + col * 8 + tc;
+                        tile.px[tr * 8 + tc] = self.pixels[i];
+                        if self.opaque[i] {
+                            tile.mask |= 1 << (tr * 8 + tc);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                tiles.push(tile);
+            }
+        }
+        tiles
+    }
+}

game/src/game.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+mod pathfind;
+mod pixelhelper;
+
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+
+use crate::assets::{Image, Tile};
+use crate::input::{GameAction, InputState};
+use sim::entity::Entity;
+use sim::map::TileMap;
+use sim::{delta_action, load_world, step_allowed, Sim, TICK_HZ, TICKS_PER_MOVE};
+
+pub enum GameSignal {
+    Quit,
+}
+
+/// Length of one base tick. The sim advances in whole ticks; rendering runs at frame
+/// rate on top and accumulates frame time into ticks.
+const TICK_MS: f32 = 1000.0 / TICK_HZ as f32;
+
+/// The movement cadence (movement on every 4th tick → 6 Hz ≈ 167 ms/tile). Entity
+/// interpolation lerps over this interval.
+const MOVE_INTERVAL_MS: usize = (TICK_MS * TICKS_PER_MOVE as f32) as usize;
+
+/// Longest frame the sim will catch up on in one go. Anything slower (debugger, window
+/// drag) is dropped instead of spiralling into a burst of ticks.
+const MAX_FRAME_MS: f32 = 250.0;
+
+/// Color of the planned route: dim blue.
+const ROUTE_COLOR: u16 = pbio::rgb565(0, 0, 170);
+
+/// Fill for tiles outside the tileset / world.
+const VOID_COLOR: u16 = pbio::rgb565(0, 0, 0);
+
+/// Viewport geometry: 30×30 tiles of 8 px, top-left of the framebuffer.
+const VIEW_TILES: i32 = 30;
+const TILE_PX: i32 = 8;
+const VIEW_PX: i32 = VIEW_TILES * TILE_PX;
+
+/// Camera pan speed. The player walks 8 px per 167 ms ≈ 48 px/s; the camera is a bit
+/// faster, so it trails during movement and settles right after the player stops.
+const CAM_SPEED: f32 = 64.0; // px/s
+
+/// A position correction farther than this is a teleport — snap instead of panning.
+const CAM_SNAP_PX: f32 = 96.0;
+
+/// Render-side smoothing state for one entity: the previous tile and how long ago the
+/// current one was taken. Positions are tiles; rendering lerps between them in pixels
+/// over one movement interval.
+struct EntityLerp {
+    prev: (i32, i32),
+    cur:  (i32, i32),
+    t_ms: usize,
+}
+
+pub struct Game {
+    tileset:        Vec<Tile>,
+    entity_tileset: Vec<Tile>,
+    sim:            Sim,
+    player_id:      u32,
+    /// Frame time not yet consumed by whole ticks.
+    tick_accum_ms:  f32,
+    /// Planned route from click-to-move: tiles still to visit, fed into the sim one
+    /// step per movement window. Keyboard input cancels it.
+    route:          VecDeque<(i32, i32)>,
+    /// The persistent movement goal. Outlives the route: a blocked step triggers a
+    /// replan toward it, and while the mouse is held it tracks the tile under the
+    /// cursor. Cleared on arrival, unreachability, keyboard override, or a click on an
+    /// unreachable tile.
+    goal:           Option<(i32, i32)>,
+    /// Viewport top-left in world pixels. Follows the player linearly instead of
+    /// snapping tile-to-tile; only rendering rounds it to whole pixels.
+    cam:            (f32, f32),
+    /// Per-entity interpolation state, keyed by entity id. Purely cosmetic — all game
+    /// logic keeps using the sim's tile positions.
+    lerp:           HashMap<u32, EntityLerp>,
+}
+
+impl Game {
+    pub fn start(map_path: &str) -> Self {
+        let tileset = Image::from_png("assets/tilesets/overworld.png").to_tileset();
+        let entity_tileset = Image::from_png("assets/tilesets/entities.png").to_tileset();
+
+        let t0 = std::time::Instant::now();
+        let map = TileMap::from_csv(map_path);
+        let world = load_world(&map);
+        println!("loaded {map_path}: {}×{} tiles in {:.1} ms",
+                 map.width, map.height, t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64() * 1e3);
+        let mut sim = Sim::new(world);
+        let player_id = sim.world.spawn_entity(0, (0, 0), 100);
+
+        let mut game = Game {
+            tileset,
+            entity_tileset,
+            sim,
+            player_id,
+            tick_accum_ms: 0.0,
+            route:         VecDeque::new(),
+            goal:          None,
+            cam:           (0.0, 0.0),
+            lerp:          HashMap::new(),
+        };
+        game.cam = game.cam_target();
+        game.track_lerp();
+        game
+    }
+
+    fn player_pos(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        let p = self.sim.world.entities[&self.player_id].pos;
+        (p.0 as i32, p.1 as i32)
+    }
+
+    /// True if the world tile at `(wx, wy)` blocks movement. Outside the loaded world
+    /// counts as blocked — the same rule the sim applies.
+    fn tile_blocked(&self, wx: i32, wy: i32) -> bool {
+        self.sim.world.tile_flags(wx as i16, wy as i16).map_or(true, |f| f.collidable())
+    }
+
+    pub fn update(&mut self, render_frame: &mut [u16], dt: usize, input: &InputState)
+        -> Option<GameSignal>
+    {
+        if input.mouse_clicked() || input.mouse_held() {
+            self.handle_click(input.mouse_pos(), !input.mouse_clicked());
+        }
+
+        self.step_movement(input);
+
+        // Advance the world in whole ticks. After every movement window the route is
+        // synced against the new position and the next step is scheduled right away,
+        // so a slow frame that spans several windows still walks every one of them.
+        self.tick_accum_ms += (dt as f32).min(MAX_FRAME_MS);
+        while self.tick_accum_ms >= TICK_MS {
+            self.tick_accum_ms -= TICK_MS;
+            if self.sim.step() {
+                self.track_lerp();
+                self.sync_route();
+                self.step_movement(input);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if input.button_pressed(GameAction::Cancel) {
+            println!("Goodbye!");
+            return Some(GameSignal::Quit);
+        }
+
+        self.step_camera(dt);
+        self.step_lerp(dt);
+        self.render_viewport(render_frame);
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// Where the camera wants to be: the viewport centered on the player's tile.
+    fn cam_target(&self) -> (f32, f32) {
+        let (px, py) = self.player_pos();
+        (
+            (px * TILE_PX - VIEW_PX / 2) as f32,
+            (py * TILE_PX - VIEW_PX / 2) as f32,
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// The camera rounded to the pixel grid — the actual top-left of the rendered view.
+    fn cam_px(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        (self.cam.0.round() as i32, self.cam.1.round() as i32)
+    }
+
+    /// Follow the player linearly at `CAM_SPEED`, axis by axis. Corrections beyond
+    /// `CAM_SNAP_PX` (teleports, respawns) snap outright instead of panning across.
+    fn step_camera(&mut self, dt: usize) {
+        let (tx, ty) = self.cam_target();
+        if (tx - self.cam.0).abs().max((ty - self.cam.1).abs()) > CAM_SNAP_PX {
+            self.cam = (tx, ty);
+            return;
+        }
+        let step = CAM_SPEED * dt as f32 / 1000.0;
+        let approach = |c: f32, t: f32| {
+            if (t - c).abs() <= step { t } else { c + step * (t - c).signum() }
+        };
+        self.cam = (approach(self.cam.0, tx), approach(self.cam.1, ty));
+    }
+
+    /// Click-to-move: translate a framebuffer click into a world tile and adopt it as
+    /// the movement goal. With `hold` (button held after the initial click) this runs
+    /// every frame and keeps steering toward the tile under the cursor, replanning only
+    /// when that tile changes — camera movement alone shifts it too, not just moving
+    /// the mouse.
+    fn handle_click(&mut self, (mx, my): (i32, i32), hold: bool) {
+        if mx < 0 || my < 0 || mx >= VIEW_PX || my >= VIEW_PX {
+            return; // outside the world viewport
+        }
+        let (cx, cy) = self.cam_px();
+        let goal = ((cx + mx).div_euclid(TILE_PX), (cy + my).div_euclid(TILE_PX));
+
+        // While steering, an unchanged goal needs no replan — unless the route was voided
+        // (blocked step) before reaching it; an empty route with the goal still ahead
+        // means exactly that, so plan again.
+        if hold && self.goal == Some(goal)
+            && (!self.route.is_empty() || self.player_pos() == goal)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        match pathfind::find_path(self.player_pos(), goal, |x, y| self.tile_blocked(x, y)) {
+            Some(steps) => {
+                self.route = steps.into();
+                self.goal = Some(goal);
+            }
+            // A discrete click on an unreachable tile cancels the plan; while steering,
+            // sweeping the cursor across a blocked tile keeps the current plan alive.
+            None if !hold => {
+                self.route.clear();
+                self.goal = None;
+                self.sim.clear_action(self.player_id);
+            }
+            None => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Schedule the player's next step: a held direction key (which cancels any goal)
+    /// or the head of the planned route becomes the intent for the next movement
+    /// window. The sim executes at most one intent per window, so holding a key walks
+    /// at the movement cadence by construction. Steps are validated with the shared
+    /// movement rule; a blocked route step triggers a replan toward the goal.
+    fn step_movement(&mut self, input: &InputState) {
+        // Both axes combine, so two held keys walk diagonally (a king move). A tap
+        // shorter than a frame shows up as pressed only.
+        let axis = |neg: GameAction, pos: GameAction| {
+            (input.button_held(pos) || input.button_pressed(pos)) as i32
+                - (input.button_held(neg) || input.button_pressed(neg)) as i32
+        };
+        let kx = axis(GameAction::Left, GameAction::Right);
+        let ky = axis(GameAction::Up, GameAction::Down);
+        let dir = (kx != 0 || ky != 0).then_some((kx, ky));
+
+        if dir.is_some() {
+            // Manual input overrides click-to-move entirely, goal included.
+            self.route.clear();
+            self.goal = None;
+        }
+
+        let from = self.player_pos();
+        let step = match dir {
+            Some((dx, dy)) => Some((from.0 + dx, from.1 + dy)),
+            None           => self.route.front().copied(),
+        };
+        let Some((nx, ny)) = step else { return };
+
+        if step_allowed(from, (nx, ny), |x, y| self.tile_blocked(x, y)) {
+            self.sim.set_action(self.player_id, delta_action(nx - from.0, ny - from.1));
+        } else if dir.is_none() {
+            self.replan_route();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// After a movement window: drop the route head once the player stands on it, and
+    /// release the goal on arrival.
+    fn sync_route(&mut self) {
+        let pos = self.player_pos();
+        if self.route.front() == Some(&pos) {
+            self.route.pop_front();
+        }
+        if self.route.is_empty() && self.goal == Some(pos) {
+            self.goal = None;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Replan the route from the current position toward the persistent goal — the
+    /// reaction to a blocked step. Gives the goal up only when it is reached or has
+    /// become unreachable.
+    fn replan_route(&mut self) {
+        self.route.clear();
+        let Some(goal) = self.goal else { return };
+        let pos = self.player_pos();
+        if pos == goal {
+            self.goal = None;
+            return;
+        }
+        match pathfind::find_path(pos, goal, |x, y| self.tile_blocked(x, y)) {
+            Some(steps) => self.route = steps.into(),
+            None        => self.goal = None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Fold the sim's entity positions into the interpolation table: a changed position
+    /// starts a new lerp from the old one, a jump of more than one tile (Chebyshev — a
+    /// teleport) snaps, and vanished entities are dropped.
+    fn track_lerp(&mut self) {
+        let entities = &self.sim.world.entities;
+        for e in entities.values() {
+            let cur = (e.pos.0 as i32, e.pos.1 as i32);
+            self.lerp.entry(e.id)
+                .and_modify(|l| {
+                    if l.cur != cur {
+                        let far = (cur.0 - l.cur.0).abs().max((cur.1 - l.cur.1).abs()) > 1;
+                        l.prev = if far { cur } else { l.cur };
+                        l.cur = cur;
+                        l.t_ms = 0;
+                    }
+                })
+                .or_insert(EntityLerp { prev: cur, cur, t_ms: 0 });
+        }
+        self.lerp.retain(|id, _| entities.contains_key(id));
+    }
+
+    /// Advance all interpolation clocks; each lerp completes after one movement interval.
+    fn step_lerp(&mut self, dt: usize) {
+        for l in self.lerp.values_mut() {
+            l.t_ms = (l.t_ms + dt).min(MOVE_INTERVAL_MS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// An entity's render position in world pixels: between its previous and current
+    /// tile, proportional to the time since the current one was taken.
+    fn entity_px(&self, e: &Entity) -> (i32, i32) {
+        let cur = (e.pos.0 as i32 * TILE_PX, e.pos.1 as i32 * TILE_PX);
+        match self.lerp.get(&e.id) {
+            Some(l) => {
+                let f = l.t_ms as f32 / MOVE_INTERVAL_MS as f32;
+                let mix = |a: i32, b: i32| a + ((b - a) as f32 * f).round() as i32;
+                (mix(l.prev.0 * TILE_PX, cur.0), mix(l.prev.1 * TILE_PX, cur.1))
+            }
+            None => cur,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn render_viewport(&self, frame: &mut [u16]) {
+        const W: usize = 320;
+
+        frame.fill(0);
+
+        let (cx, cy) = self.cam_px();
+        let tx0 = cx.div_euclid(TILE_PX);
+        let ty0 = cy.div_euclid(TILE_PX);
+        let sx = -cx.rem_euclid(TILE_PX);
+        let sy = -cy.rem_euclid(TILE_PX);
+
+        // One extra row and column: with a sub-tile camera offset the viewport spans
+        // partial tiles on both edges.
+        for vy in 0..=VIEW_TILES {
+            for vx in 0..=VIEW_TILES {
+                let wx = tx0 + vx;
+                let wy = ty0 + vy;
+                let (ccx, ccy) = sim::world::tile_to_chunk(wx as i16, wy as i16);
+                let (lx, ly) = sim::world::tile_to_local(wx as i16, wy as i16);
+                let tile_id = self.sim.world.chunk(ccx, ccy)
+                    .map(|c| c.get_tile(lx, ly))
+                    .unwrap_or(0);
+                let px = sx + vx * TILE_PX;
+                let py = sy + vy * TILE_PX;
+                if let Some(tile) = self.tileset.get(tile_id as usize) {
+                    pixelhelper::blit_tile(frame, W, px, py, tile);
+                } else {
+                    for dy in 0..8 {
+                        for dx in 0..8 {
+                            pixelhelper::set_pixel(frame, W, px + dx, py + dy, VOID_COLOR);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Route pass — over the world, under entities.
+        for &(wx, wy) in &self.route {
+            let px = wx * TILE_PX - cx;
+            let py = wy * TILE_PX - cy;
+            if px <= -TILE_PX || px >= VIEW_PX || py <= -TILE_PX || py >= VIEW_PX { continue; }
+            for dy in 0..8 {
+                for dx in 0..8 {
+                    pixelhelper::set_pixel(frame, W, px + dx, py + dy, ROUTE_COLOR);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Entity pass — interpolated between the last two tiles.
+        for e in self.sim.world.entities.values() {
+            let (ex, ey) = self.entity_px(e);
+            let px = ex - cx;
+            let py = ey - cy;
+            if px <= -TILE_PX || px >= VIEW_PX || py <= -TILE_PX || py >= VIEW_PX { continue; }
+            if let Some(tile) = self.entity_tileset.get(e.type_id as usize) {
+                pixelhelper::blit_tile(frame, W, px, py, tile);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // The blit primitives clip against the framebuffer, not the viewport, so partial
+        // tiles on the right edge bleed into the 240..320 strip. Clear it; a real
+        // clip-rect belongs to the UI pass (see roadmap).
+        for y in 0..240usize {
+            frame[y * W + VIEW_PX as usize..y * W + W].fill(0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod snapshot {
+    /// Renders the first frame headlessly to the PNG named by `$SNAPSHOT` — a way to
+    /// eyeball the renderer without a window. `$SNAPSHOT_MAP` picks the map:
+    /// `SNAPSHOT=/tmp/frame.png cargo test -p game snapshot -- --ignored`
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn dump_frame() {
+        std::env::set_current_dir("..").unwrap();
+        let map = std::env::var("SNAPSHOT_MAP").unwrap_or_else(|_| "assets/map_test".into());
+        let mut g = super::Game::start(&map);
+        let input = crate::input::InputState::new();
+        let mut frame = vec![0u16; 320 * 240];
+        g.update(&mut frame, 0, &input);
+        let out = std::env::var("SNAPSHOT").unwrap();
+        let mut rgb = Vec::with_capacity(320 * 240 * 3);
+        for p in &frame {
+            rgb.push(((p >> 11) as u8) << 3);
+            rgb.push((((p >> 5) & 63) as u8) << 2);
+            rgb.push(((p & 31) as u8) << 3);
+        }
+        let f = std::fs::File::create(out).unwrap();
+        let mut enc = png::Encoder::new(std::io::BufWriter::new(f), 320, 240);
+        enc.set_color(png::ColorType::Rgb);
+        enc.write_header().unwrap().write_image_data(&rgb).unwrap();
+    }
+}

game/src/game/pathfind.rs

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn find_path(
             (1, -1), (1, 1), (-1, 1), (-1, -1),
         ] {
             let next = (cur.0 + dx, cur.1 + dy);
-            if !shared::step_allowed(cur, next, &blocked) {
+            if !sim::step_allowed(cur, next, &blocked) {
                 continue;
             }
             let ng = g + if dx != 0 && dy != 0 { DIAGONAL_COST } else { CARDINAL_COST };
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn assert_valid(start: (i32, i32), path: &[(i32, i32)], blocked: impl Fn(i32, i32) -> bool) {
         let mut from = start;
         for &to in path {
-            assert!(shared::step_allowed(from, to, &blocked), "illegal step {from:?} → {to:?}");
+            assert!(sim::step_allowed(from, to, &blocked), "illegal step {from:?} → {to:?}");
             from = to;
         }
     }

game/src/game/pixelhelper.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-/// Write a single palette index. Out-of-bounds coordinates are silently ignored.
+use crate::assets::Tile;
-#[allow(dead_code)]
+
-pub fn set_pixel(dst: &mut [u8], dst_w: usize, x: i32, y: i32, color: u8) {
+/// Write a single RGB565 pixel. Out-of-bounds coordinates are silently ignored.
+pub fn set_pixel(dst: &mut [u16], dst_w: usize, x: i32, y: i32, color: u16) {
     let dst_h = (dst.len() / dst_w) as i32;
     if x < 0 || x >= dst_w as i32 || y < 0 || y >= dst_h {
         return;
@@ -10,8 +11,8 @@ pub fn set_pixel(dst: &mut [u8], dst_w: usize, x: i32, y: i32, color: u8) {
 
 /// Copy a rectangle out of `src` into a new Vec (for building sprites/glyphs).
 #[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn extract(src: &[u8], src_w: usize, x: usize, y: usize, w: usize, h: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+pub fn extract(src: &[u16], src_w: usize, x: usize, y: usize, w: usize, h: usize) -> Vec<u16> {
-    let mut out = vec![0u8; w * h];
+    let mut out = vec![0u16; w * h];
     for row in 0..h {
         let s = src_w * (y + row) + x;
         let d = w * row;
@@ -21,9 +22,10 @@ pub fn extract(src: &[u8], src_w: usize, x: usize, y: usize, w: usize, h: usize)
 }
 
 /// Blit `src` (width `src_w`, height derived from src.len()) into `dst` at (dx, dy).
-/// Clips against all four edges of `dst`; the destination position may be negative.
+/// Opaque copy, no transparency. Clips against all four edges of `dst`; the
+/// destination position may be negative.
 #[allow(dead_code)]
-pub fn blit(dst: &mut [u8], dst_w: usize, dx: i32, dy: i32, src: &[u8], src_w: usize) {
+pub fn blit(dst: &mut [u16], dst_w: usize, dx: i32, dy: i32, src: &[u16], src_w: usize) {
     let dst_w_i = dst_w as i32;
     let dst_h = (dst.len() / dst_w) as i32;
     let src_h = (src.len() / src_w) as i32;
@@ -46,9 +48,9 @@ pub fn blit(dst: &mut [u8], dst_w: usize, dx: i32, dy: i32, src: &[u8], src_w: u
     }
 }
 
-/// Blit an 8×8 tile with transparency: index 0 is skipped.
+/// Blit an 8×8 tile with transparency: pixels whose mask bit is clear are skipped.
 /// Clips against all four edges of `dst`; the destination position may be negative.
-pub fn blit_tile(dst: &mut [u8], dst_w: usize, dx: i32, dy: i32, tile: &[u8; 64]) {
+pub fn blit_tile(dst: &mut [u16], dst_w: usize, dx: i32, dy: i32, tile: &Tile) {
     let dst_w_i = dst_w as i32;
     let dst_h = (dst.len() / dst_w) as i32;
 
@@ -62,9 +64,9 @@ pub fn blit_tile(dst: &mut [u8], dst_w: usize, dx: i32, dy: i32, tile: &[u8; 64]
             if x < 0 || x >= dst_w_i {
                 continue;
             }
-            let px = tile[(row * 8 + col) as usize];
+            let i = (row * 8 + col) as usize;
-            if px != 0 {
+            if tile.mask & (1 << i) != 0 {
-                dst[dst_w * y as usize + x as usize] = px;
+                dst[dst_w * y as usize + x as usize] = tile.px[i];
             }
         }
     }

game/src/main.rs

@@ -4,15 +4,13 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 mod assets;
 mod game;
 mod input;
-mod net;
 
 fn main() {
     let mut plat = Platform::new(PlatformConfig {
-        title:            "Roguelike".into(),
+        title:            "Forgotten Caves".into(),
         window_size:      (800, 600),
         framebuffer_size: (320, 240),
         aspect_ratio:     Some(4.0 / 3.0),
-        palette:          pbio::palette::RGB332,
         vsync:            true,
         mouse_capture:    false,
         mouse_visible:    true,
@@ -21,12 +19,9 @@ fn main() {
     let input_map = input::InputMap::new();
     let mut input_state = input::InputState::new();
     let mut last_update = Instant::now();
-    // Optional server address (e.g. netsim proxy): `client 127.0.0.1:7778`.
+    // Optional map path: `game assets/map_large`.
-    let server_addr = std::env::args().nth(1)
+    let map_path = std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap_or_else(|| "assets/map_test".into());
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| "127.0.0.1:7777".into())
+    let mut game = game::Game::start(&map_path);
-        .parse()
-        .expect("bad server address");
-    let mut game = game::Game::start(server_addr);
 
     while !plat.should_close() {
         plat.poll_events(Some(Duration::from_millis(20)));

netsim/src/main.rs

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-//! Bad-internet simulator: a UDP proxy between game client and server that adds
-//! delay, jitter and packet loss, per direction. Dev tool only — the game itself
-//! never knows it exists.
-//!
-//! Usage:
-//!   cargo run -p netsim -- [--listen 7778] [--upstream 127.0.0.1:7777]
-//!                          [--delay MS] [--jitter MS] [--loss PERCENT]
-//!                          [--up-delay MS] [--up-jitter MS] [--up-loss PERCENT]
-//!                          [--down-delay MS] [--down-jitter MS] [--down-loss PERCENT]
-//!
-//! `--delay/--jitter/--loss` set both directions; the `--up-*` (client → server) and
-//! `--down-*` (server → client) variants override one direction. Jitter is uniform in
-//! ±MS around the delay; reordering emerges from jitter naturally, as on a real link.
-//! Point the client at the listen port (e.g. `client 127.0.0.1:7778`).
-
-use std::cmp::Reverse;
-use std::collections::BinaryHeap;
-use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-struct LinkParams {
-    delay_ms:  f32,
-    jitter_ms: f32,
-    loss_pct:  f32,
-}
-
-/// Xorshift64* — plenty for impairment dice; avoids pulling in a rand dependency.
-struct Rng(u64);
-
-impl Rng {
-    fn new() -> Self {
-        let seed = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap().as_nanos() as u64;
-        Rng(seed | 1)
-    }
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> u64 {
-        let mut x = self.0;
-        x ^= x >> 12;
-        x ^= x << 25;
-        x ^= x >> 27;
-        self.0 = x;
-        x.wrapping_mul(0x2545_F491_4F6C_DD1D)
-    }
-
-    /// Uniform in [0, 1).
-    fn unit(&mut self) -> f32 {
-        (self.next() >> 40) as f32 / (1u64 << 24) as f32
-    }
-}
-
-impl LinkParams {
-    /// Roll the dice for one datagram: `None` = lost, `Some(d)` = deliver after `d`.
-    fn impair(&self, rng: &mut Rng) -> Option<Duration> {
-        if rng.unit() * 100.0 < self.loss_pct {
-            return None;
-        }
-        let jitter = (rng.unit() * 2.0 - 1.0) * self.jitter_ms;
-        Some(Duration::from_secs_f32((self.delay_ms + jitter).max(0.0) / 1000.0))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A datagram waiting for its delivery time. `Up` = client → server.
-enum Dir {
-    Up,
-    Down,
-}
-
-struct Pending {
-    due:  Instant,
-    dir:  Dir,
-    data: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-// BinaryHeap ordering: only `due` matters (earliest first via Reverse).
-impl PartialEq for Pending {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool { self.due == other.due }
-}
-impl Eq for Pending {}
-impl PartialOrd for Pending {
-    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> { Some(self.cmp(other)) }
-}
-impl Ord for Pending {
-    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering { self.due.cmp(&other.due) }
-}
-
-fn parse_args() -> (u16, SocketAddr, LinkParams, LinkParams) {
-    let mut listen: u16 = 7778;
-    let mut upstream: SocketAddr = "127.0.0.1:7777".parse().unwrap();
-    let mut both = LinkParams { delay_ms: 0.0, jitter_ms: 0.0, loss_pct: 0.0 };
-    let mut up_over = [None::<f32>; 3]; // delay, jitter, loss
-    let mut down_over = [None::<f32>; 3];
-
-    let mut args = std::env::args().skip(1);
-    while let Some(flag) = args.next() {
-        let val = args.next().unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("missing value for {flag}"));
-        let num = || val.parse::<f32>().unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("bad number for {flag}: {val}"));
-        match flag.as_str() {
-            "--listen"      => listen = val.parse().expect("bad listen port"),
-            "--upstream"    => upstream = val.parse().expect("bad upstream address"),
-            "--delay"       => both.delay_ms = num(),
-            "--jitter"      => both.jitter_ms = num(),
-            "--loss"        => both.loss_pct = num(),
-            "--up-delay"    => up_over[0] = Some(num()),
-            "--up-jitter"   => up_over[1] = Some(num()),
-            "--up-loss"     => up_over[2] = Some(num()),
-            "--down-delay"  => down_over[0] = Some(num()),
-            "--down-jitter" => down_over[1] = Some(num()),
-            "--down-loss"   => down_over[2] = Some(num()),
-            _               => panic!("unknown flag {flag}"),
-        }
-    }
-
-    let apply = |over: [Option<f32>; 3]| LinkParams {
-        delay_ms:  over[0].unwrap_or(both.delay_ms),
-        jitter_ms: over[1].unwrap_or(both.jitter_ms),
-        loss_pct:  over[2].unwrap_or(both.loss_pct),
-    };
-    (listen, upstream, apply(up_over), apply(down_over))
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let (listen, upstream, up, down) = parse_args();
-
-    let client_sock = UdpSocket::bind(("127.0.0.1", listen)).expect("bind listen port");
-    let server_sock = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind upstream socket");
-    server_sock.connect(upstream).expect("connect upstream");
-    client_sock.set_nonblocking(true).unwrap();
-    server_sock.set_nonblocking(true).unwrap();
-
-    println!("netsim: 127.0.0.1:{listen} ⇄ {upstream}");
-    println!("  up:   {:.0} ms ±{:.0} ms, {:.1}% loss", up.delay_ms, up.jitter_ms, up.loss_pct);
-    println!("  down: {:.0} ms ±{:.0} ms, {:.1}% loss", down.delay_ms, down.jitter_ms, down.loss_pct);
-
-    let mut rng = Rng::new();
-    let mut queue: BinaryHeap<Reverse<Pending>> = BinaryHeap::new();
-    // The one game client, learned from its first datagram (re-learned on address change).
-    let mut client_addr: Option<SocketAddr> = None;
-    let mut buf = [0u8; 2048];
-
-    loop {
-        let now = Instant::now();
-
-        while let Ok((n, from)) = client_sock.recv_from(&mut buf) {
-            client_addr = Some(from);
-            if let Some(d) = up.impair(&mut rng) {
-                queue.push(Reverse(Pending { due: now + d, dir: Dir::Up, data: buf[..n].to_vec() }));
-            }
-        }
-        while let Ok(n) = server_sock.recv(&mut buf) {
-            if let Some(d) = down.impair(&mut rng) {
-                queue.push(Reverse(Pending { due: now + d, dir: Dir::Down, data: buf[..n].to_vec() }));
-            }
-        }
-
-        while queue.peek().is_some_and(|Reverse(p)| p.due <= now) {
-            let Reverse(p) = queue.pop().unwrap();
-            match p.dir {
-                Dir::Up   => { server_sock.send(&p.data).ok(); }
-                Dir::Down => {
-                    if let Some(addr) = client_addr {
-                        client_sock.send_to(&p.data, addr).ok();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
-    }
-}

notes/01-input_manager.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Current state
 
-Input is fully decoupled from the windowing backend. `client/src/input.rs` owns all input
+Input is fully decoupled from the windowing backend. `game/src/input.rs` owns all input
 types. `main.rs` translates `pbio::Event::Key` events into `GameAction` values each frame and
 stores them in an `InputState`. `game::update()` receives a `&InputState` and queries it with
 three distinct semantics. (The platform/windowing layer lives in the external `pbio` crate;
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ game code only ever sees `pbio::Key`, never a raw backend type.)
 
 ## Architecture
 
-### `GameAction` — `client/src/input.rs`
+### `GameAction` — `game/src/input.rs`
 
 Logical actions the game cares about. Game code never sees backend key types.
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Logical actions the game cares about. Game code never sees backend key types.
 pub enum GameAction { Up, Down, Left, Right, Confirm, Cancel }
 ```
 
-### `InputMap` — `client/src/input.rs`
+### `InputMap` — `game/src/input.rs`
 
 Translates a `pbio::Key` to an `Option<GameAction>`. All key bindings live here.
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Translates a `pbio::Key` to an `Option<GameAction>`. All key bindings live here.
 | Enter            | Confirm |
 | Escape           | Cancel  |
 
-### `InputState` — `client/src/input.rs`
+### `InputState` — `game/src/input.rs`
 
 Three internal buffers, populated from `pbio::Event::Key` events in `main.rs`:
 

notes/02-asset_loader.md

@@ -2,15 +2,22 @@
 
 ## Current state
 
-TGA loading is implemented in `client/src/assets.rs`. `Image::from_tga(path)` reads the file,
+PNG loading is implemented in `game/src/assets.rs`. `Image::from_png(path)` decodes via the
-parses the 18-byte header, skips the colormap block, and returns an `Image` — supporting
+`png` crate (any color type, expanded to 8-bit RGBA) and quantizes on load to the
-type 1 (uncompressed) and type 9 (RLE) via the private `decode_rle()` function in the same
+framebuffer's RGB565 format with `pbio::rgb565`; alpha ≥ 128 counts as opaque. The result
-module. `game.rs` uses it directly: `Image::from_tga("assets/tilesets/overworld.tga")`.
+is an `Image { width, height, pixels: Vec<u16>, opaque: Vec<bool> }`. Artists work in
+truecolor; there is no palette an asset could be "in the wrong order" for. `game.rs` uses it
+directly: `Image::from_png("assets/tilesets/overworld.png")`.
 
-`Image` also provides `to_tileset() -> Vec<[u8; 64]>`, which splits the image into 8×8
+`Image` also provides `to_tileset() -> Vec<Tile>`, which splits the image into 8×8 tiles
-tiles row-major. Every tile is emitted; tile ID is the flat row-major index into the Vec,
+row-major. A `Tile` is 64 RGB565 pixels plus a `u64` opacity bitmask. Every tile is
-so tiles are never skipped or reordered. (Transparency is a per-pixel concern handled at
+emitted; tile ID is the flat row-major index into the Vec, so tiles are never skipped or
-blit time by `blit_tile`, not by the splitter.)
+reordered. `overworld.png` is the unmodified Mini-Medieval `Overworld.png` sheet (24
+columns), so Tiled tile ids line up with the Vec index.
+
+History: the first iteration used 8-bit indexed TGAs on a palette framebuffer (RGB332,
+`pbio` master branch). The colormap-ordering fragility and the index-0-is-transparent
+convention are gone with the switch to `pbio`'s `truecolor16` branch.
 
 `AssetStore` (a named registry) is **not yet implemented**. Assets are currently loaded
 inline in `Game::start()`.
@@ -22,12 +29,12 @@ files directly at the call site.
 
 ## Design notes
 
-- `Image` struct: `width: u32`, `height: u32`, `pixels: Vec<u8>` — done.
+- `Image` struct: `width: u32`, `height: u32`, `pixels: Vec<u16>`, `opaque: Vec<bool>` — done.
 - A simple `AssetStore` could be a `HashMap<&'static str, Image>` loaded at startup.
 - No streaming needed — the whole game is small enough to load everything upfront in `start()`.
-- Palette index 0 is transparent when blitting sprites. This convention is enforced by
+- Transparency is the tile's mask bit, checked by `blit_tile()` in `pixelhelper.rs`. Any
-  `blit_tile()` in `pixelhelper.rs`; the loader itself does not need to handle it.
+  color — black included — can be an opaque pixel.
-- Pixel assets are stored as flat `Vec<u8>` of palette indices, row-major, width × height bytes.
+- Pixel assets are stored as flat `Vec<u16>` of RGB565 values, row-major, width × height.
 - Future: consider embedding assets with `include_bytes!` to produce a single binary.
 
 ## Open questions

notes/04-text_renderer.md

@@ -6,20 +6,19 @@ No text rendering exists yet. No font loading or glyph blitting code exists.
 
 ## Goal
 
-Draw ASCII text into the `u8` framebuffer using a bitmap font, respecting the palette-index
+Draw ASCII text into the RGB565 framebuffer using a bitmap font.
-color model (one u8 per pixel, no RGBA).
 
 ## Design notes
 
-- A bitmap font is the right fit: each glyph is a small tile of palette indices, blitted
+- A bitmap font is the right fit: each glyph is a small masked tile, blitted
   directly into the framebuffer using the existing blit primitive in `pixelhelper.rs`.
-- Likely approach: a fixed 8×8 or similar glyph grid packed into a TGA or raw binary,
+- Likely approach: a fixed 8×8 or similar glyph grid packed into a PNG,
   one glyph per ASCII codepoint starting at 0x20 (space).
-- The font image itself should be indexed: foreground pixels carry a nonzero palette index
+- The font image only needs its alpha mask: glyph pixels are opaque, background transparent;
-  (caller supplies the color), background pixels are index 0 (transparent/skip).
+  the caller supplies the color and `draw_text` paints the mask with it.
 - API sketch:
   ```rust
-  fn draw_text(frame: &mut [u8], font: &Font, x: i32, y: i32, color: u8, text: &str);
+  fn draw_text(frame: &mut [u16], font: &Font, x: i32, y: i32, color: u16, text: &str);
   ```
 - `Font` holds the glyph sheet as an `Image` plus glyph width/height.
 

notes/06-hybrid-tick-loop.md

@@ -1,18 +1,41 @@
 # Hybrid Tick Loop
 
-Single 24 Hz base tick; subsystems self-select frequency via stride scheduling. Replaces the old
+Single 24 Hz base tick; subsystems self-select frequency via stride scheduling. The sim is
-3-tier (20/10/1 Hz buckets) description from roadmap item 06.
+headless (`sim` crate) and advanced tick by tick from the game loop.
+
+---
+
+## Driving the sim from the render loop
+
+Rendering runs at frame rate; the sim runs in whole ticks. `Game::update` accumulates frame
+time and calls `Sim::step()` once per elapsed `TICK_MS` (`game/src/game.rs`):
+
+```rust
+self.tick_accum_ms += (dt as f32).min(MAX_FRAME_MS);
+while self.tick_accum_ms >= TICK_MS {
+    self.tick_accum_ms -= TICK_MS;
+    if self.sim.step() {          // true when a movement window executed
+        self.track_lerp();        // entity positions may have changed
+        self.sync_route();        // click-to-move bookkeeping
+        self.step_movement(input);// schedule the next step right away
+    }
+}
+```
+
+`MAX_FRAME_MS` (250 ms) caps how much a single slow frame catches up, so a debugger pause or
+window drag drops time instead of spiralling into a burst of ticks. Rendering interpolates
+entity positions between tiles over one movement interval (`EntityLerp`), so the 6 Hz
+movement cadence looks smooth at any frame rate.
 
 ---
 
 ## Stride scheduling
 
-All subsystems hang off one monotonic `tick: u32` counter. Each subsystem fires when its
+All subsystems hang off one monotonic `Sim::tick` counter. Each subsystem fires when its
 stride condition is met. **Current implementation:**
 
 ```
-tick % 1   == 0  → input processing, inbound recv                          (main.rs)
+tick % 1   == 0  → (game loop) input processing, intent scheduling
-tick % 2   == send_phase → broadcast state to clients, phase-staggered     (net.rs, 12 Hz/client)
 tick % 4   == 0  → entity_tick() — movement / collision                    (sim.rs, 6 Hz)
 tick % 8   == 0  → (reserved) slower AI routines, pathfinding refresh
 tick % 192 == 0  → (reserved) world simulation (8-sec cycle: weather, daylight, respawns)
@@ -26,8 +49,21 @@ at `% 192` is exactly an 8-second cycle.
 `entity_tick` = one tile of movement, so the tick rate *is* the movement rate. 6 Hz yields the
 target ~6 tiles/sec. Once `energy`/`speed` are reintroduced, `entity_tick` can move up to 12 Hz
 (`% 2`) and per-entity `speed` sets the effective movement rate instead — decoupling sim rate
-from movement rate. The broadcast rate (12 Hz/client) is deliberately higher than the movement
+from movement rate.
-rate: it keeps position latency low and adds redundancy against packet loss.
+
+---
+
+## Intents: one action per entity per movement window
+
+Actors do not act directly on the world; they schedule an intent (`Sim::set_action`). The
+sim keeps exactly one intent per entity, setting it again replaces it, and executing the
+movement window consumes it. So an actor moves at most one tile per window no matter how
+often it changes its mind in between, and a tap shorter than a window still registers.
+
+The player's intent is (re)set every frame from held keys or the click-to-move route; NPCs
+will use the same call from their `think()` (roadmap 08). Validation goes through
+`sim::step_allowed` on both sides — the pathfinder plans with the exact function the sim
+executes, so a planned route never contains a step the sim will reject.
 
 ---
 
@@ -57,61 +93,3 @@ if entity.energy >= ACTION_COST {
 Fast entities (`speed >= ACTION_COST`) act every tick. Slow entities act every N ticks
 naturally without any scheduler involvement. Haste and slow effects become simple `speed`
 modifiers — no special-case scheduling needed.
-
----
-
-## Simulation rate vs network rate
-
-Sim and net rates are independent. The current targets:
-
-| Layer | Rate | Stride |
-|-------|------|--------|
-| Base loop | 24 Hz | every tick |
-| Network broadcast (per client, phase-staggered) | 12 Hz | `tick % 2 == send_phase` |
-| Entity tick (movement / collision) | 6 Hz | `tick % 4 == 0` |
-
-Clients receive a fresh `EntityPacket` every ~83 ms. For tile-based movement at 5–6 tiles/sec
-this is sufficient with comfortable headroom.
-
-Rough bandwidth per client at 12 Hz:
-- `StatePacket` 72 B × 12 = 864 B/s
-- `EntityPacket` ~1200 B × 12 = 14 400 B/s
-- Total: ~15 KB/s outbound per client
-
----
-
-## Tick-offset broadcasting (phase staggering)
-
-Rather than flushing all clients on the same tick, assign each client a `send_phase` at
-connection time and send only when the client's phase matches:
-
-```rust
-// ClientState gains:
-send_phase: u8,  // assigned as entity_id % BROADCAST_STRIDE at creation
-
-// broadcast() skips clients whose phase doesn't match current tick:
-if tick % BROADCAST_STRIDE as u32 != cs.send_phase as u32 { continue; }
-```
-
-Benefits:
-- Outbound NIC load is flat across ticks instead of spiking every 2nd tick
-- Scales with player count without architectural changes
-- Each client still receives state at the same effective rate
-
----
-
-## Why higher tick rate doesn't help high-ping players
-
-```
-Perceived latency ≈ RTT + tick_processing_delay + state_interval
-
-LTE @ 100ms RTT, 24Hz sim, 12Hz net:
-  worst case: 100 + 42 + 83 = 225ms   ← RTT-dominated
-
-Same at 64Hz sim, 20Hz net:
-  worst case: 100 + 15 + 50 = 165ms   ← 60ms gain, negligible for roguelike
-```
-
-RTT is the dominant term. Higher tick rates yield diminishing returns and increase server
-CPU load for minimal perceived benefit. 24 Hz is sufficient for deliberate tile-based input
-and remains acceptable at LTE latencies (~100ms RTT) and remote locations (~200ms RTT).

notes/07-map-loader.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Map Loader
 
 Loads level data from a Tiled CSV export, replacing the old hardcoded `build_world` wall loop.
-Implemented in `server/src/map.rs`; wired into the world in `server/src/main.rs::load_world`.
+Implemented in `sim/src/map.rs`; wired into the world in `sim/src/lib.rs::load_world`.
 
 ---
 
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ therefore shows up in the CSV as a large *negative* decimal when read as `i32`.
 
 The loader parses each field as `i64`, reinterprets the low 32 bits as `u32`, and strips the
 flip flags with `& 0x1FFF_FFFF`, leaving the bare tile id. **Flip orientation is discarded for
-now** — flipped tiles render unflipped. Real flipping would need a flip-aware `blit_tile` on
+now** — flipped tiles render unflipped. Real flipping would need a flip-aware `blit_tile` plus
-the client plus the flags carried through the protocol; deferred to the camera/sprite pass (09).
+a flip flag next to the tile id in the chunk; deferred to the camera/sprite pass (09).
 
 ---
 
@@ -46,19 +46,23 @@ the client plus the flags carried through the protocol; deferred to the camera/s
 
 Tile ids are used directly:
 
-- **Server** — `tile_flags(id)` (in `map.rs`) maps an id to gameplay `TileFlags`
+- **Sim** — `tile_flags(id)` (in `map.rs`) maps an id to gameplay `TileFlags`
-  (collidable / opaque). Hand-maintained vocabulary; currently everything is walkable floor.
+  (collidable / opaque) via the `sim::tile_collidable` vocabulary. Hand-maintained; test values only.
-- **Client** — the id indexes straight into `overworld.tga` (`game.rs`). The tileset's tile
+- **Renderer** — the id indexes straight into `overworld.png` (`game.rs`). The tileset's tile
-  order *is* the id space; keep the Tiled tileset and `overworld.tga` in lockstep.
+  order *is* the id space; keep the Tiled tileset and `overworld.png` in lockstep.
 
-No `firstgid` subtraction: the authored ids already line up with `overworld.tga`.
+No `firstgid` subtraction: the authored ids already line up with `overworld.png`.
 
 ---
 
 ## World assembly
 
-`load_world` slices the map into 32×32 chunks via `Chunk::generate`, which builds each chunk's
+`load_world` slices the map into 32×32 chunks via `Chunk::generate`. A chunk is a plain
-6-bit palette automatically. The map's top-left tile sits at world (0, 0).
+`[u16; 1024]` of tile ids; flags are derived from the id on lookup (`map::tile_flags`). That
+array is also the natural on-disk layout should chunks ever be streamed from disk (RLE over
+the `u16`s would do) — the CSV stays the interchange format for external tooling. The map's
+top-left tile sits at world (0, 0). Loading a 256×256 map takes well under a millisecond in
+release; the map path is the game's first CLI argument (`game assets/map_large`).
 
 **Edge border:** a 30×30 map only fills part of chunk (0,0) (which spans tiles 0–31). Tiles
 inside a loaded chunk but outside the authored map are emitted as an *invisible solid border*

notes/protocol.md

@@ -1,324 +0,0 @@
-# Protocol
-Wire format for client-server communication.
-
-## Transport
-
-- UDP (`std::net::UdpSocket`, non-blocking)
-- Hard limit: **1200 bytes per datagram** (safe internet MTU; avoids IP fragmentation)
-- All integers: little-endian
-- Server streams `StatePackets` continuously; client sends `ActionPackets` only when needed
-
----
-
-## Header
-
-Every datagram begins with a 6-byte universal header.
-
-| Offset | Size | Type | Field         | Notes                                   |
-|--------|------|------|---------------|-----------------------------------------|
-| 0      | 2    | u16  | `magic`       | Fixed: `0x524C` ("RL") — rejects noise  |
-| 2      | 1    | u8   | `version`     | Protocol version — server rejects mismatch |
-| 3      | 1    | u8   | `packet_type` | See packet type table below             |
-| 4      | 2    | u16  | `client_type` | 0 = official client; others registered  |
-
-`client_type` allows the server to distinguish official clients, registered bots, and
-forks for analytics and access control, without affecting the protocol logic.
-
----
-
-## Packet types
-
-| Packet type   | id | Flow             | Size             |
-|---------------|----|------------------|------------------|
-| State         |  0 | server → client  | 72 bytes         |
-| Action        |  1 | client → server  | min. 74 bytes    |
-| Chunk Data    |  2 | server → client  | max. 909 bytes   |
-| Entity        |  3 | server → client  | max. 1200 bytes  |
-| Entity Query  |  4 | client → server  | 18 bytes         |
-| Entity Detail |  5 | server → client  | max. 1200 bytes  |
-| Ping          |  6 | client → server  | 14 bytes         |
-| Pong          |  7 | server → client  | 14 bytes         |
-
----
-
-### StatePacket — server → client
-
-Sent by the server at 10 Hz regardless of client activity.
-Currently carries the chunk manifest for the 3×3 neighbourhood around the player.
-
-| Offset | Size | Type       | Field               | Notes                                           |
-|--------|------|------------|---------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
-| 0      | 6    | Header     | `header`            | packet_type = 0                                 |
-| 6      | 4    | u32        | `tick`              | Server tick counter                             |
-| 10     | 54   | ChunkEntry | `chunks[9]`         | 9 chunk entries                                 |
-| 64     | 4    | u32        | `player_entity_id`  | Global entity ID of the receiving client        |
-| 68     | 4    | u32        | `entity_checksum`   | FNV-1a over all EntityPacket payloads this tick |
-
-**Total: 72 bytes**
-
-The `entity_checksum` lets the client detect a lost `EntityPacket` without a dedicated
-ACK: if the checksum differs from the one computed over the last received entity update,
-the client knows to retransmit an `ActionPacket` (`target_tick = 0`, no-op action) to
-prompt the server to re-send the current entity state.
-
----
-
-### ActionPacket — client → server
-
-Sent by the client on player action or on a chunk cache miss.
-
-| Offset | Size | Type         | Field           | Notes                          |
-|--------|------|--------------|-----------------|--------------------------------|
-| 0      | 6    | Header       | `header`        | packet_type = 1                |
-| 6      | 8    | u64          | `auth_token`    | Token of the current session   |
-| 14     | 4    | u32          | `target_tick`   | Tick the action is scheduled for (see below); 0 = keep-alive/ack only |
-| 18     | 54   | ChunkEntry   | `cache[9]`      | Versions client currently holds |
-| 72     | 2    | PlayerAction | `player_action` | Derived from user input        |
-| 74     | ?    | ActionData   | `action_data`   | Dependent on PlayerAction      |
-
-**Minimum: 74 bytes** (no ActionData)
-
-**Tick-addressed scheduling.** Actions are scheduled onto the server's tick timeline
-instead of being consumed in arrival order. `target_tick` selects the movement window
-(`target_tick / TICKS_PER_MOVE`, rounded up) the action executes in:
-
-- A second action addressed to the same window **replaces** the first — this is how the
-  client retracts (NOOP) or changes a scheduled step until its window executes, and how
-  retransmits dedupe for free.
-- A **late** action (window already passed on arrival) moves to the next window, but
-  only if that slot is empty: late actions fill gaps, they never override newer intent.
-- Only the next `ACTION_WINDOW_HORIZON` windows are addressable; anything beyond is
-  dropped. Combined with one-action-per-window execution this bounds server memory and
-  movement speed regardless of client behavior.
-- `target_tick = 0` carries no scheduling intent (keep-alive / cache-ack packets).
-
-**ChunkEntry (6 bytes)**
-
-| Offset | Size | Type | Field      |
-|--------|------|------|------------|
-| 0      | 4    | u32  | `chunk_id` |
-| 4      | 2    | u16  | `version`  |
-
-`chunk_id` encodes the chunk grid position: `(x as u16) | ((y as u16) << 16)`,
-where x and y are signed chunk coordinates (i16 each).
-
-**PlayerAction (u16)**
-
-| Value | Action  |
-|-------|---------|
-| 0     | No-Op (cache update only) |
-| 1     | North   |
-| 2     | East    |
-| 3     | South   |
-| 4     | West    |
-
-$TODO — additional actions (interact, etc.)
-
----
-
-### ChunkPacket — server → client
-
-Sent by the server for each chunk the client is missing or has stale.
-One chunk per datagram.
-
-The world is divided into **32×32 tile chunks**.
-- At most **4 chunks (2×2)** are visible at once.
-- The 3×3 neighbourhood (9 chunks) covers all prefetch needs.
-- Each chunk carries a **local palette** of up to 64 tile types.
-- Tiles are encoded as 6-bit palette indices (4 tiles per 3 bytes, no padding).
-
-| Offset            | Size     | Type         | Field       | Notes                           |
-|-------------------|----------|--------------|-------------|---------------------------------|
-| 0                 | 6        | Header       | `header`    | packet_type = 2                 |
-| 6                 | 6        | ChunkEntry   | `chunk`     | ID and version of this chunk    |
-| 12                | 1        | u8           | `pal_count` | Number of palette entries (≤64) |
-| 13                | max. 128 | u16[]        | `palette`   | Global tile IDs, pal_count × 2  |
-| 13 + pal_count×2  | 768      | packed u6[]  | `tiles`     | 1024 tiles, 6-bit indices       |
-
-**Maximum: 6 + 6 + 1 + 128 + 768 = 909 bytes**
-
-**Palette** — up to 64 entries, each a global tile ID (u16) mapping local 6-bit index → world tile type.
-
-**Tiles** — 1024 tiles packed as 256 groups of 3 bytes (4 tiles × 6 bits = 24 bits per group).
-
----
-
-### EntityPacket — server → client
-
-Sent by the server each tick, immediately after the `StatePacket`.
-Contains the bulk entity update for all entities within the visible **30×30 tile viewport**.
-Positions are **absolute world tile coordinates**.
-
-If the entity count exceeds what fits in one datagram, the server sends multiple
-`EntityPacket`s on the same tick; `packet_flags` bit 0 signals that more follow.
-
-| Offset | Size           | Type        | Field          | Notes                          |
-|--------|----------------|-------------|----------------|--------------------------------|
-| 0      | 6              | Header      | `header`       | packet_type = 3                |
-| 6      | 4              | u32         | `tick`         | Matches the `StatePacket` tick |
-| 10     | 1              | u8          | `entity_count` | Entities in this datagram      |
-| 11     | 1              | u8          | `packet_flags` | bit 0: more packets follow     |
-| 12     | entity_count×… | EntityEntry | `entities`     | Variable-length entries        |
-
-**Maximum: 1200 bytes** — without metadata: ⌊(1200 − 12) / 18⌋ = **66 entities per datagram**.
-
----
-
-#### EntityEntry
-
-| Offset | Size       | Type | Field           | Notes                                   |
-|--------|------------|------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------|
-| 0      | 4          | u32  | `id`            | Server-assigned entity ID (persistent)  |
-| 4      | 2          | u16  | `type_id`       | Entity type; 0 = player                 |
-| 6      | 2          | i16  | `pos_x`         | Absolute world tile X                   |
-| 8      | 2          | i16  | `pos_y`         | Absolute world tile Y                   |
-| 10     | 2          | u16  | `hp`            | Current HP                              |
-| 12     | 2          | u16  | `hp_max`        | Max HP                                  |
-| 14     | 2          | u16  | `elo`           | Elo rating (acts as level)              |
-| 16     | 1          | u8   | `entity_flags`  | See flag table below                    |
-| 17     | 1          | u8   | `meta_len`      | Byte length of the TLV metadata block   |
-| 18     | `meta_len` | u8[] | `meta`          | TLV metadata (0 bytes if none)          |
-
-**Base size: 18 bytes** (plus `meta_len` bytes of metadata).
-
-**entity_flags:**
-
-| Bit | Meaning                                               |
-|-----|-------------------------------------------------------|
-| 0   | `is_static` — does not move (chest, sign, item stack) |
-| 1   | `is_hostile`                                          |
-| 2   | `is_interactable` — show interaction prompt           |
-| 3–7 | reserved                                              |
-
----
-
-#### Inline metadata — TLV format
-
-Inline metadata is a sequence of TLV (type–length–value) fields appended directly after
-the fixed `EntityEntry` fields. `meta_len = 0` means no metadata is present.
-
-Each TLV field:
-
-| Offset | Size | Type | Field   |
-|--------|------|------|---------|
-| 0      | 1    | u8   | `tag`   |
-| 1      | 1    | u8   | `len`   |
-| 2      | len  | u8[] | `value` |
-
-**Defined tags:**
-
-| Tag  | Name             | Value format | Notes                          |
-|------|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------|
-| 0x01 | `status_effects` | u16 bitmask  | Active status effects          |
-| 0x02 | `weapon`         | u16 type_id  | Currently equipped weapon      |
-| 0x03 | `armor`          | u16 type_id  | Currently equipped armor       |
-
-Large metadata (chest inventory, sign text, dialogue trees) is not included inline.
-Request it via `EntityQueryPacket` (type 4) on player interaction.
-
----
-
-### EntityQueryPacket — client → server
-
-Sent when the client needs detailed metadata for a specific entity (on interaction,
-hover, or similar trigger). The server responds with an `EntityDetailPacket`.
-
-| Offset | Size | Type   | Field        | Notes                        |
-|--------|------|--------|--------------|------------------------------|
-| 0      | 6    | Header | `header`     | packet_type = 4              |
-| 6      | 8    | u64    | `auth_token` | Token of the current session |
-| 14     | 4    | u32    | `entity_id`  | Entity to query              |
-
-**Total: 18 bytes**
-
----
-
-### EntityDetailPacket — server → client
-
-Full metadata response for a queried entity. Sent in reply to an `EntityQueryPacket`.
-
-| Offset | Size       | Type   | Field        | Notes                        |
-|--------|------------|--------|--------------|------------------------------|
-| 0      | 6          | Header | `header`     | packet_type = 5              |
-| 6      | 4          | u32    | `tick`       | Server tick at time of query |
-| 10     | 4          | u32    | `entity_id`  | Entity being described       |
-| 14     | 2          | u16    | `meta_len`   | Byte length of metadata      |
-| 16     | `meta_len` | u8[]   | `meta`       | Full TLV metadata block      |
-
-**Maximum: 1200 bytes** (up to 1184 bytes of metadata).
-
----
-
-### PingPacket / PongPacket — round-trip measurement
-
-Liveness and RTT probe. The client sends a `PingPacket`; the server echoes the payload back
-unchanged as a `PongPacket`. Both share the same layout.
-
-| Offset | Size | Type   | Field          | Notes                                |
-|--------|------|--------|----------------|--------------------------------------|
-| 0      | 6    | Header | `header`       | packet_type = 6 (Ping) / 7 (Pong)    |
-| 6      | 8    | u64    | `timestamp_ms` | Echoed verbatim by the server        |
-
-**Total: 14 bytes**
-
-The client currently measures RTT locally via the elapsed time since the ping was sent, so
-`timestamp_ms` is sent as 0; the field is reserved for server-stamped timing if needed later.
-
----
-
-## Protocol flow
-
-```
-── every tick (10 Hz) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-server → client   StatePacket   (tick N, chunk manifest, entity_checksum)
-server → client   EntityPacket  (tick N, entities 0–73)
-server → client   EntityPacket  (tick N, entities 74–N, more=0)  ← if needed
-
-                               ↓ client verifies entity_checksum
-                               ↓ checksum mismatch → retransmit ActionPacket (no-op)
-                               ↓ chunk cache miss on chunk X →
-
-client → server   ActionPacket  (auth_token, seq, cache state, player_action)
-
-server → client   ChunkPacket   (chunk X, full data)
-server → client   ChunkPacket   (chunk Y, full data)   ← if multiple misses
-
-── on player interaction ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-client → server   EntityQueryPacket  (auth_token, entity_id)
-server → client   EntityDetailPacket (entity_id, full TLV metadata)
-```
-
-The server reads the `ActionPacket`'s cache list, computes the diff against current
-chunk versions, and sends one `ChunkPacket` per missing or stale chunk.
-
----
-
-## Reliability
-
-UDP is unreliable. The protocol handles loss without a dedicated ACK mechanism:
-
-**Lost ActionPacket** — the server never learns of the cache miss and keeps streaming
-StatePackets. The client retransmits the ActionPacket after **200–300 ms** if no
-ChunkPacket has arrived.
-
-**Lost ChunkPacket** — the server has already processed the ActionPacket and will not
-retransmit spontaneously. The client's timeout fires (200–300 ms), it resends the
-ActionPacket with its updated cache state (listing only still-missing chunks), and
-the server sends the missing chunks again.
-
-**Duplicate ActionPackets** — the server handles these idempotently. The cache list is
-self-describing state; the server reads it, diffs against current versions, and sends
-whatever is still missing. No deduplication logic is required.
-
-**Lost StatePacket** — the next tick delivers the same chunk manifest. No retry needed;
-the client simply waits one tick (~100 ms).
-
-**Lost EntityPacket** — detected via the `entity_checksum` in the next `StatePacket`.
-The client retransmits a no-op `ActionPacket` (`target_tick = 0`, no-op action,
-current cache state); the server treats this as a normal diff request and re-sends the
-full entity update for the tick.
-
-**Lost EntityQueryPacket / EntityDetailPacket** — the client retransmits the query
-after a 200–300 ms timeout if no `EntityDetailPacket` has arrived.

notes/roadmap.md

@@ -1,129 +1,66 @@
 # Roadmap
 
-Workspace layout: `shared/` (wire types), `server/` (authoritative sim), `client/` (render
+Local single-player roguelike with a continuously simulated, tick-based world.
-terminal). The platform layer — window, GPU, input, RGB332 palette — lives in the external
+
-`pbio` crate (git dependency), not in this repo.
+Workspace layout: `sim/` (headless world simulation — tiles, entities, movement rules,
+tick loop; no platform dependencies, unit-testable) and `game/` (the executable — window,
+rendering, input, pathfinding, camera; owns a `Sim` and drives it). The platform layer —
+window, GPU, input, RGB565 framebuffer — lives in the external `pbio` crate (git dependency,
+branch `truecolor16`),
+not in this repo.
+
+History: this fork started from a client/server multiplayer architecture (authoritative UDP
+server, thin client with prediction). The scope was cut to single player in September 2026;
+the sim kept its authoritative shape, everything network-related was removed. The `sim`
+crate's `tick`/`set_action` interface is the seam a server could be wrapped around again.
 
 ---
 
 ## Achieved milestones
 
-- [x] TGA loader: `Image`, `from_tga`, `to_tileset`, `decode_rle` in `client/src/assets.rs`
+- [x] PNG loader: `Image::from_png` (via the `png` crate, quantized to RGB565 on load, alpha
-- [x] Pixel helpers: `set_pixel`, `extract`, `blit`, `blit_tile` in `client/src/game/pixelhelper.rs`
+      mask), `to_tileset` → `Vec<Tile>` in `game/src/assets.rs`. Framebuffer is 16-bit
-      — signed `i32` offsets, clip against all four framebuffer edges, index 0 = transparent
+      truecolor (`pbio` branch `truecolor16`)
-- [x] Input system: `GameAction`, `InputMap`, `InputState` in `client/src/input.rs` (over `pbio::Key`)
+- [x] Pixel helpers: `set_pixel`, `extract`, `blit`, `blit_tile` in `game/src/game/pixelhelper.rs`
-- [x] Protocol spec: `notes/protocol.md` — Header, State, Action, Chunk, Entity, EntityQuery,
+      — signed `i32` offsets, clip against all four framebuffer edges, per-tile opacity mask
-      EntityDetail, Ping/Pong; reliability model
+- [x] Input system: `GameAction`, `InputMap`, `InputState` in `game/src/input.rs` (over `pbio::Key`)
-- [x] Shared crate: packet structs as `bytemuck::Pod` with compile-time size assertions,
+- [x] World model: `World` of 32×32 `Chunk`s (plain `[u16; 1024]` tile ids, flags derived
-      `player_action` / `packet_type` constants, `chunk_id` / `chunk_coords`
+      on lookup — the network-era 64-entry palette is gone), entities indexed per chunk,
-- [x] Server binary: 24 Hz tick loop, 3×3-chunk test world (`build_world`), wall collision,
+      `entities_in_viewport`. Map path is the first CLI argument; `assets/map_large` is a
-      per-client action queue, `ChunkPacket` dispatch on cache miss, stale-client eviction
+      generated 256×256 stress map
-- [x] Client net: `NetClient` in `client/src/net.rs`, non-blocking UDP recv,
+- [x] Map loader: Tiled-CSV parser in `sim/src/map.rs` (flip-flag masking, content-derived
-      `StatePacket` / `EntityPacket` / `ChunkPacket` / `PongPacket` dispatch, entity-checksum retransmit
-- [x] End-to-end loop: player moves on server, position reflected in `EntityPacket`, rendered on client
-- [x] Tile rendering: chunk-based world rendering from received `ChunkPacket` data (6-bit unpack)
-- [x] Tick-based movement: movement resolved in `entity_tick`, currently every 4th tick (`sim.rs`)
-- [x] Sprite-based entity rendering: entity `type_id` → tile in `entities.tga`, blitted with transparency
-- [x] Phase-staggered broadcast: per-client `send_phase`, flat outbound load across ticks
-- [x] Ping/Pong RTT measurement (`PingPacket` / `PongPacket`)
-- [x] Connection timeout: client emits `Disconnected` after 10 s without a `StatePacket`;
-      server evicts clients unseen for 10 s
-- [x] Map loader: Tiled-CSV parser in `server/src/map.rs` (flip-flag masking, content-derived
       dimensions), `load_world` slices it into chunks, invisible solid border at the map rim.
-      Replaces the hardcoded `build_world`. See `notes/07-map-loader.md`
+      See `notes/07-map-loader.md`
-- [x] Client movement prediction: queued unconfirmed steps (`path` in `client/src/game.rs`),
+- [x] Tile rendering: chunk-based world rendering straight from `World` (`render_viewport`)
-      paced at the server's 6 Hz movement cadence, reconciled against `EntityPacket` positions,
+- [x] Sprite-based entity rendering: entity `type_id` → tile in `entities.png`, blitted with transparency
-      dropped after idle timeout. Shared collision vocabulary `shared::tile_collidable`
+- [x] Hybrid tick loop: 24 Hz base tick, movement in `entity_tick` every 4th tick (6 Hz);
-      (currently empty — every tile walkable) keeps client prediction and server sim in lockstep.
+      the game loop drives the sim with a fixed-timestep accumulator. See `notes/06-hybrid-tick-loop.md`
-- [x] Click-to-move: framebuffer click → world tile, A* over the chunk cache
+- [x] Intent model: one scheduled action per entity per movement window (`Sim::set_action`),
-      (`client/src/game/pathfind.rs`, unknown chunks count as blocked), route translated into
+      replaced on re-set, consumed on execution. Headless tests in `sim/src/sim.rs`
-      cardinal actions one step per movement interval — the server only ever sees movement
-      actions and stays authoritative. Keyboard input cancels the route; each step is
-      re-validated at send time and a blocked step voids the route. In-flight steps render
-      bright blue, planned route dim blue. Click-and-hold steers continuously: while the
-      button is held the route keeps replanning toward the tile under the cursor (only
-      when that tile changes — cursor or camera movement), sweeping across blocked tiles
-      keeps the current route, and a voided route replans automatically while held.
 - [x] 8-directional movement in chessboard geometry: world physics use the Chebyshev
       metric — diagonal and cardinal steps are the same distance, a "circle" is a square
-      of tiles, matching the square viewport. Four diagonal actions in
+      of tiles, matching the square viewport. The single-step rule lives in
-      `shared::player_action`; the single-step rule lives in `shared::step_allowed`
+      `sim::step_allowed` (king move onto a free tile, diagonals additionally need both
-      (king move onto a free tile, diagonals additionally need both orthogonal neighbors
+      orthogonal neighbors free — no corner cutting) and is the one function used by the
-      free — no corner cutting) and is the one function used by the server sim, client
+      sim and the A*. Two held keys walk diagonally.
-      send-time validation and the client A* (8-connected, Chebyshev heuristic). Two held
+- [x] Collision vocabulary seeded with test values (`sim::tile_collidable`): id 146
-      keys walk diagonally.
+      (trees/rocks) and id 0 (empty / the invisible world border). A proper tile-data file
-- [x] Collision vocabulary seeded with test values (`shared::tile_collidable`): id 146
+      format replaces this table later.
-      (trees/rocks) and id 0 — id 0 doubles as the server's invisible world border, which
+- [x] Click-to-move: framebuffer click → world tile, A* over the world
-      the client previously mispredicted as walkable. A proper tile-data file format
+      (`game/src/game/pathfind.rs`, 8-connected, Chebyshev heuristic), route fed into the
-      replaces this table later.
+      sim one step per movement window. Keyboard input cancels the route; each step is
-- [x] Tick-addressed action scheduling (supersedes two interim designs — a sequence-
+      re-validated at scheduling time and a blocked step replans toward the persistent
-      deduped FIFO queue and its flow control — that fixed a periodic walking hitch and
+      goal. Click-and-hold steers continuously: while the button is held the route keeps
-      a path/route deadlock but kept two free-running clocks racing each other). Actions
+      replanning toward the tile under the cursor (only when that tile changes — cursor
-      are now scheduled onto the server's tick timeline: `ActionPacket.target_tick`
+      or camera movement), sweeping across blocked tiles keeps the current route.
-      (formerly `sequence`) selects the movement window, a second action to the same
+- [x] Smooth camera follow: the camera is a float pixel position (`cam` in `game.rs`)
-      window *replaces* the first (retraction via NOOP, rescheduling, retransmit dedup),
+      that tracks the player linearly at ~64 px/s, snapping only to whole pixels at
-      late actions fill only an *empty* next window (gap-filling without overriding
+      render time (and outright on teleport-sized corrections). The viewport renders
-      newer intent — needed over real internet links so actions don't die pointlessly),
+      with sub-tile offsets (31×31 tile pass + right-strip clip).
-      and only `ACTION_WINDOW_HORIZON = 3` future windows are addressable. The sim keeps
+- [x] Entity interpolation: per-id lerp table (`EntityLerp` in `game.rs`) — previous/current
-      per-entity window slot maps and executes at most one action per window, so floods
+      tile plus a clock, rendered as a pixel lerp over one movement interval. Jumps of
-      can neither grow memory nor speed anyone up. The client estimates the server tick
+      more than one tile (Chebyshev) snap. Purely cosmetic; game logic keeps using the
-      from `StatePacket.tick` plus elapsed time and schedules each step into the next
+      sim's tile positions.
-      window — one send per window by construction, no local send timer, no clock-rate
-      race. `target_tick = 0` marks keep-alive/cache-ack packets with no scheduling
-      intent. See `notes/protocol.md` (ActionPacket).
-- [x] Client-side unexpected-state handling: the movement goal is persistent (outlives
-      the planned route) and every surprise reroutes toward it — a blocked route step
-      replans instead of voiding the plan, and a confirmed position off the predicted
-      path (lost/rejected/overridden step) retracts all still-scheduled steps (NOOP to
-      their windows), drops the stale prediction and replans from the confirmed tile.
-      Changing plans mid-run (new click/steer target) likewise retracts scheduled-but-
-      unexecuted steps, so old intent stops playing out on the server within a window.
-      The goal is released on arrival, unreachability, keyboard override, or a discrete
-      click on an unreachable tile. This is the "reactive replanning" item formerly
-      parked under Later — Robustness.
-- [x] `netsim` — bad-internet simulator (workspace member, dev tool): a UDP proxy adding
-      delay, jitter and loss per direction (`--delay/--jitter/--loss`, `--up-*`/`--down-*`
-      overrides; reordering emerges from jitter). No root, game-traffic only, zero deps.
-      The client takes an optional server address argument to point at it:
-      `cargo run -p netsim -- --delay 80 --jitter 30 --loss 5` + `client 127.0.0.1:7778`.
-- [x] Bad-link hardening (netsim immediately broke the naive scheduling — locks under
-      isolated loss 15% and isolated delay 120 ms):
-      (a) RTT-adaptive scheduling lead — the client pings automatically (1 Hz, smoothed),
-      and schedules `ceil((rtt + margin) / window)` windows ahead instead of always one:
-      under systematic latency "late" had been the *normal* case. The retraction horizon
-      moves out the same way (a cancellation needs the same lead an action does).
-      (b) Late-rule cleanup in the sim — a late movement action keeps its *order*, not
-      its time (first still-empty upcoming window), so bunched late arrivals no longer
-      collapse onto one slot and eat each other; late NOOPs are dropped outright (as
-      gap-fillers they used to block real steps: retract → late NOOPs poison upcoming
-      windows → replanned steps eaten → retract again — a lock loop).
-      (c) Client stall watchdog — steps in flight but nothing confirmed for 750 ms means
-      the prediction is dead no matter why (e.g. *all* in-flight actions lost: the server
-      never moves, so the moved-off-plan desync detection never fires, path stays full,
-      nothing is ever sent again): retract, drop, replan toward the goal.
-      `PATH_MAX_LEN` is back to 8 as a pure prediction bound — server safety now comes
-      from window addressing, and on a slow link several correct steps are legitimately
-      unconfirmed at once (confirmations lag a full RTT).
-- [x] Prediction rebuilt as predict → ack → replay (replaces the per-problem patches
-      above with structural robustness; fixed multi-second replan storms at high ping).
-      The old model stored absolute predicted tiles and reconciled by tile matching, so
-      any surprise "invalidated" the whole prediction and recovery meant clear + replan
-      from the confirmed position — but steps inside the retraction horizon cannot be
-      cancelled and still execute ("zombies"), shifting the server off every fresh plan
-      and re-triggering recovery in a loop. Now: pending steps are `(window, delta)`
-      pairs, `EntityPacket.tick` is the acknowledgment cursor (every window ≤ tick/4 is
-      provably consumed — executed, rejected or lost, it no longer matters which), and
-      the predicted position is always *derived* by replaying pending deltas on top of
-      the confirmed position. A surprise shifts the prediction instead of killing it; a
-      route that no longer connects triggers one clean replan toward the persistent goal
-      via the existing send-time validation. Deleted outright: tile-matching reconcile,
-      the moved-off-plan desync heuristic, the stall watchdog, and the idle path drop —
-      acked windows expire pending steps automatically, so the path cannot go stale.
-      The replay applies each pending delta through the shared `step_allowed` rule —
-      exactly as the server will — so a delta the server is going to reject does not
-      move the prediction either, and the predicted position can never sit inside a
-      wall (previously a diverged prediction could, causing a brief walk-into-wall
-      lock until the acks caught up).
 
 ---
 
@@ -131,13 +68,10 @@ terminal). The platform layer — window, GPU, input, RGB332 palette — lives i
 
 ### 06 — Hybrid tick loop  *(partially done)*
 
-Design of record: **`notes/06-hybrid-tick-loop.md`** (24 Hz base tick + stride scheduling).
+Design of record: **`notes/06-hybrid-tick-loop.md`**.
-This supersedes the original 20/10/1 Hz three-tier sketch.
 
-- [x] 24 Hz base loop (`server/src/main.rs`)
+- [x] 24 Hz base loop driven from the game loop
-- [x] Phase-staggered broadcast at 12 Hz/client (`send_phase` in `server/src/net.rs`)
+- [x] Stride layout settled: `entity_tick` at `%4` (6 Hz, sets movement rate)
-- [x] Stride layout settled: `entity_tick` at `%4` (6 Hz, sets movement rate), broadcast at
-      `%2` (12 Hz/client). The `06` note now documents this and why.
 - [ ] Action-point model (`energy` / `speed` per entity, act when `energy >= ACTION_COST`).
       Removed from `entity.rs` for now as premature — reintroduce when NPCs (08) actually need it.
       Then `entity_tick` can move to `%2` (12 Hz) and `speed` sets the effective movement rate.
@@ -148,66 +82,61 @@ This supersedes the original 20/10/1 Hz three-tier sketch.
 
 Remaining follow-ups when the need is concrete:
 
-- Collision vocabulary: seeded with test values (0, 146) in `shared::tile_collidable`.
+- Collision vocabulary: seeded with test values (0, 146) in `sim::tile_collidable`.
   Decide on a proper file format for tile data (collision, opacity, …) instead of a
-  hardcoded match, then feed both server and client from it.
+  hardcoded match.
 - Tile flipping: orientation is discarded on load; revisit with the sprite pass (09).
-- Multiple / object layers (spawns, triggers) — not yet parsed.
+- Multiple / object layers (spawns, triggers) — not yet parsed. The player currently
+  spawns at (0, 0).
 
 ---
 
 ### 08 — Basic NPC entity + AI budget
 
 One dumb wandering enemy. Validates the simulation architecture before complexity accumulates.
-Depends on the action-point model from 06 being reintroduced.
+Depends on the action-point model from 06 being reintroduced. NPCs schedule intents through
+the same `Sim::set_action` the player uses.
 
 - Add `EntityKind::Npc` with a `think() -> u32` method returning budget cost
-- Per sim-tick: distribute `think_budget = BASE / (clients + 1)` across entities ordered by player proximity
+- Per sim-tick: distribute a fixed `think_budget` across entities ordered by player proximity
 - Complex entities consume more budget; simple ones less. Loop breaks at zero — natural load shedding.
 - No framework. No trait objects yet. A match on `EntityKind` is fine.
 
 ```rust
-let mut budget: u32 = BASE_BUDGET / (client_count + 1).max(1);
+let mut budget: u32 = BASE_BUDGET;
 for entity in entities_by_player_proximity() {
     if budget == 0 { break; }
     budget = budget.saturating_sub(entity.think(&mut world));
 }
 ```
 
+- Entity-vs-entity blocking: `step_allowed` only checks tiles. Once NPCs exist, occupied
+  tiles need to block too — in the sim *and* in the pathfinder's `blocked` closure.
+
 ---
 
-### 09 — Client camera  *(camera follow done, entity interpolation open)*
+### 09 — Client camera  *(done — see Achieved)*
 
-Sprite rendering already landed (see Achieved). Camera status:
+Sprite rendering, camera follow and entity interpolation have all landed.
-
-- [x] Smooth camera follow: the camera is a float pixel position (`cam` in `game.rs`)
-      that tracks the player linearly at ~64 px/s, snapping only to whole pixels at
-      render time (and outright on teleport-sized corrections). The viewport renders
-      with sub-tile offsets (31×31 tile pass + right-strip clip).
-- [x] Entity interpolation: per-id lerp table (`EntityLerp` in `game.rs`) beside the
-      entity list — previous/current tile plus a clock, rendered as a pixel lerp over
-      one movement interval. Jumps of more than one tile (Chebyshev) snap. Purely
-      cosmetic; game logic keeps using authoritative tile positions.
 
 ---
 
 ### Later — UI / HUD
 
-- Bitmap font renderer: 8×8 glyph sheet TGA, `draw_text(frame, font, x, y, color, text)` — see `notes/04`
+- Bitmap font renderer: 8×8 glyph sheet PNG, `draw_text(frame, font, x, y, color, text)` — see `notes/04`
-- UI primitives in `client/src/ui.rs`: `fill_rect`, `draw_rect`, `draw_hbar` — see `notes/05`
+- UI primitives in `game/src/ui.rs`: `fill_rect`, `draw_rect`, `draw_hbar` — see `notes/05`
 - HUD layout (320×240): HP bar + player name bottom 16px, message log right panel
 - A real clip-rect on the blit primitives belongs here — once the viewport and HUD panels are
   two distinct regions, the abstraction earns its keep. Not before.
 
 ---
 
-### Later — Robustness + auth
+### Later — Distribution
 
-- Auth token handshake: replace source-address identity (`auth_token` field exists but is unused)
+- Asset embedding: `include_bytes!` for single-binary distribution (assets are currently
-- Per-address rate limiting for the action ingest (only meaningful once identity is real —
+  read relative to the working directory)
-  address spoofing bypasses any limit before then)
+- Save / load: the world is a plain `Sim` value — serialize it. Roguelike convention is a
-- Multi-datagram `EntityPacket`: server currently truncates at 66 entities (`net.rs` TODO)
+  single save slot deleted on load
-- Asset embedding: `include_bytes!` for single-binary distribution
 
 ---
 
@@ -215,11 +144,8 @@ Sprite rendering already landed (see Achieved). Camera status:
 
 Once the simulation architecture is stable and a real level exists:
 
-- Doors, interactive objects (server-authoritative state)
+- Doors, interactive objects
-- Combat: melee range check, HP, death, respawn
+- Combat: melee range check, HP, death, permadeath
-- Inventory: on-demand via `EntityQueryPacket` / `EntityDetailPacket`
+- Inventory
-- Day/night and weather on the slow tick — affect visibility, spawns
+- Day/night and weather on the slow tick (`% 192`) — affect visibility, spawns
 - Procedural dungeon generation (BSP or cellular automata feeding into the same tile format)
-
----
-</content>

server/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "server"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2024"
-
-[dependencies]
-shared = { path = "../shared" }
-bytemuck = "1.24.0"

server/src/chunk.rs

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct TileFlags(pub u8);
-
-impl TileFlags {
-    pub const COLLIDABLE: u8 = 1 << 0;
-    pub const OPAQUE:     u8 = 1 << 1;
-    pub const LIQUID:     u8 = 1 << 2;
-
-    pub fn collidable(self) -> bool { self.0 & Self::COLLIDABLE != 0 }
-    pub fn opaque(self)     -> bool { self.0 & Self::OPAQUE != 0 }
-    pub fn liquid(self)     -> bool { self.0 & Self::LIQUID != 0 }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct TileDef { pub tile_id: u16, pub flags: TileFlags }
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct PaletteFullError;
-
-pub struct Chunk {
-    pub palette:   [TileDef; 64],
-    pub pal_count: u8,
-    pub tiles:     Box<[u8; 1024]>,
-    pub version:   u16,
-}
-
-impl Chunk {
-    /// Runtime use: all tiles empty, pal_count=1, version=1.
-    /// Clients with version=0 will always request this chunk.
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            palette:   [TileDef::default(); 64],
-            pal_count: 1,
-            tiles:     Box::new([0u8; 1024]),
-            version:   1,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Find existing palette entry or insert a new one.
-    /// Index 0 is always the null sentinel; this short-circuits for default TileDef.
-    /// Returns (palette_index, was_new). Does NOT bump version.
-    fn find_or_insert_raw(&mut self, def: TileDef) -> Result<(u8, bool), PaletteFullError> {
-        if def == TileDef::default() {
-            return Ok((0, false));
-        }
-        for i in 1..self.pal_count as usize {
-            if self.palette[i] == def {
-                return Ok((i as u8, false));
-            }
-        }
-        if self.pal_count >= 64 {
-            return Err(PaletteFullError);
-        }
-        let idx = self.pal_count;
-        self.palette[idx as usize] = def;
-        self.pal_count += 1;
-        Ok((idx, true))
-    }
-
-    /// World gen path. Calls the closure for every tile coordinate.
-    /// version=0 so the first StatePacket causes all clients to request it.
-    pub fn generate(f: impl Fn(u8, u8) -> TileDef) -> Result<Self, PaletteFullError> {
-        let mut chunk = Self {
-            palette:   [TileDef::default(); 64],
-            pal_count: 1,
-            tiles:     Box::new([0u8; 1024]),
-            version:   0,
-        };
-        for ly in 0u8..32 {
-            for lx in 0u8..32 {
-                let def = f(lx, ly);
-                let (idx, _) = chunk.find_or_insert_raw(def)?;
-                chunk.tiles[ly as usize * 32 + lx as usize] = idx;
-            }
-        }
-        chunk.version = 1;
-        Ok(chunk)
-    }
-
-    /// Set a tile at local coords. Bumps version if tile index or palette changed.
-    pub fn set_tile(&mut self, lx: u8, ly: u8, def: TileDef) -> Result<(), PaletteFullError> {
-        let (idx, was_new) = self.find_or_insert_raw(def)?;
-        let slot = &mut self.tiles[ly as usize * 32 + lx as usize];
-        let changed = *slot != idx;
-        *slot = idx;
-        if changed || was_new {
-            self.version = self.version.wrapping_add(1);
-            if self.version == 0 {
-                self.version = 1;
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_tile(&self, lx: u8, ly: u8) -> TileDef {
-        self.palette[self.tiles[ly as usize * 32 + lx as usize] as usize]
-    }
-
-    pub fn tile_flags(&self, lx: u8, ly: u8) -> TileFlags {
-        self.get_tile(lx, ly).flags
-    }
-}

server/src/main.rs

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-mod chunk;
-mod entity;
-mod world;
-mod sim;
-mod net;
-mod map;
-
-use std::thread;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-
-use chunk::{Chunk, TileDef, TileFlags};
-use world::World;
-use sim::Sim;
-use net::Net;
-use map::TileMap;
-
-const TICK_HZ: u32 = 24;
-const TICK_DURATION: Duration = Duration::from_micros(1_000_000 / TICK_HZ as u64);
-
-/// Build a world from a loaded tile map. The map's top-left tile sits at world (0, 0); the
-/// map is sliced into 32×32 chunks. Tiles inside a loaded chunk but outside the authored map
-/// become an invisible solid border (id 0, collidable), so the walkable world edge sits flush
-/// with the visible map rim instead of with the larger chunk boundary.
-fn load_world(map: &TileMap) -> World {
-    let mut w = World::new();
-    let max_cx = (map.width.saturating_sub(1) >> 5) as i16;
-    let max_cy = (map.height.saturating_sub(1) >> 5) as i16;
-    for cy in 0..=max_cy {
-        for cx in 0..=max_cx {
-            let chunk = Chunk::generate(|lx, ly| {
-                let (wx, wy) = world::local_to_tile(cx, cy, lx, ly);
-                if wx < 0 || wy < 0 || wx >= map.width as i16 || wy >= map.height as i16 {
-                    return TileDef { tile_id: 0, flags: TileFlags(TileFlags::COLLIDABLE) };
-                }
-                let id = map.tile(wx, wy);
-                TileDef { tile_id: id, flags: map::tile_flags(id) }
-            }).expect("palette overflow during world gen");
-            w.set_chunk(cx, cy, chunk);
-        }
-    }
-    w
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let map = TileMap::from_csv("assets/map_test");
-    println!("loaded map {}×{} ({} tiles)", map.width, map.height, map.tiles.len());
-    let world = load_world(&map);
-    let mut sim = Sim::new(world);
-
-    let mut net = Net::new("127.0.0.1:7777").expect("failed to bind UDP socket");
-
-    let mut next_tick = Instant::now() + TICK_DURATION;
-    let mut tick = 0u32;
-    loop {
-        net.drain_recv();
-        net.evict_stale();
-
-        for addr in net.drain_new_clients() {
-            let entity_id = sim.world.spawn_entity(0, (0, 0), 100);
-            net.add_client(addr, entity_id);
-            println!("client connected: {addr} → entity {entity_id}");
-        }
-
-        let actions = net.drain_actions();
-        sim.tick(tick, &actions);
-        net.broadcast(&sim.world, tick);
-        thread::sleep(next_tick.saturating_duration_since(Instant::now()));
-        next_tick += TICK_DURATION;
-        tick = tick.wrapping_add(1);
-    }
-}

server/src/net.rs

@@ -1,256 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
-use std::mem::size_of;
-use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
-use std::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, SyncSender};
-use std::thread;
-use std::time::Instant;
-
-use bytemuck::bytes_of;
-use shared::{
-    ActionPacket, ChunkEntry, ChunkPacket, EntityEntry, EntityPacket,
-    Header, PingPacket, PongPacket, StatePacket,
-    MAGIC, VERSION, packet_type,
-};
-
-use crate::world::World;
-
-pub struct NetClient {
-    pub entity_id:       u32,
-    pub last_seen:       Instant,
-    pub send_phase:      u8,
-    /// Tick-addressed actions received since the last drain, in arrival order —
-    /// `(target_tick, action)`. Window resolution, replacement and the lateness rule
-    /// all live in the sim; this is only the per-tick hand-off buffer, bounded so a
-    /// flood between drains cannot grow it.
-    pub pending_actions: VecDeque<(u32, u16)>,
-    pub last_cache:      [ChunkEntry; 9],
-}
-
-/// Hand-off buffer bound. Drained every tick; an honest client sends at most one
-/// action per movement window, so a handful is already generous.
-const PENDING_ACTIONS_MAX: usize = 8;
-
-pub struct Net {
-    clients:   HashMap<SocketAddr, NetClient>,
-    new_addrs: Vec<SocketAddr>,
-    recv_rx:   Receiver<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)>,
-    send_tx:   SyncSender<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)>,
-}
-
-impl Net {
-    pub fn new(addr: &str) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
-        let socket = UdpSocket::bind(addr)?;
-
-        let (recv_tx, recv_rx) = mpsc::sync_channel::<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)>(256);
-        let (send_tx, send_rx) = mpsc::sync_channel::<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)>(256);
-
-        let recv_sock = socket.try_clone()?;
-        thread::spawn(move || {
-            let mut buf = [0u8; 1200];
-            loop {
-                match recv_sock.recv_from(&mut buf) {
-                    Ok((n, addr)) => {
-                        if recv_tx.send((addr, buf[..n].to_vec())).is_err() {
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Err(_) => break,
-                }
-            }
-        });
-
-        let send_sock = socket.try_clone()?;
-        thread::spawn(move || {
-            loop {
-                match send_rx.recv() {
-                    Ok((addr, data)) => { let _ = send_sock.send_to(&data, addr); }
-                    Err(_) => break,
-                }
-            }
-        });
-
-        // socket is dropped here; send/recv threads own their copies
-        drop(socket);
-
-        Ok(Net { clients: HashMap::new(), new_addrs: Vec::new(), recv_rx, send_tx })
-    }
-
-    pub fn add_client(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr, entity_id: u32) {
-        self.clients.insert(addr, NetClient {
-            entity_id,
-            last_seen:       Instant::now(),
-            send_phase:      (entity_id % 2) as u8,
-            pending_actions: VecDeque::new(),
-            last_cache:      [ChunkEntry { chunk_id: 0, version: 0 }; 9],
-        });
-    }
-
-    pub fn drain_recv(&mut self) {
-        loop {
-            match self.recv_rx.try_recv() {
-                Ok((addr, data)) => self.handle_packet(addr, data),
-                Err(_) => break,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn handle_packet(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr, data: Vec<u8>) {
-        if data.len() < size_of::<Header>() {
-            return;
-        }
-        let header: Header = bytemuck::pod_read_unaligned(&data[..size_of::<Header>()]);
-        if header.magic != MAGIC || header.version != VERSION {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if header.packet_type == packet_type::ACTION && data.len() == size_of::<ActionPacket>() {
-            let pkt: ActionPacket = bytemuck::pod_read_unaligned(&data);
-            if let Some(client) = self.clients.get_mut(&addr) {
-                client.last_seen = Instant::now();
-                client.last_cache = pkt.cache;
-                // `target_tick == 0` marks pure keep-alive / cache-ack packets — they
-                // must never enter the schedule. Everything else (including NOOPs, which
-                // *retract* the addressed window) is handed to the sim in arrival order.
-                let target_tick = pkt.target_tick;
-                if target_tick != 0 && client.pending_actions.len() < PENDING_ACTIONS_MAX {
-                    client.pending_actions.push_back((target_tick, pkt.player_action));
-                }
-            } else if !self.new_addrs.contains(&addr) {
-                self.new_addrs.push(addr);
-            }
-        } else if header.packet_type == packet_type::PING && data.len() == size_of::<PingPacket>() {
-            let pkt: PingPacket = bytemuck::pod_read_unaligned(&data);
-            let pong = PongPacket {
-                header:       Header::new(packet_type::PONG),
-                timestamp_ms: pkt.timestamp_ms,
-            };
-            let _ = self.send_tx.send((addr, bytes_of(&pong).to_vec()));
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn drain_new_clients(&mut self) -> Vec<SocketAddr> {
-        std::mem::take(&mut self.new_addrs)
-    }
-
-    pub fn evict_stale(&mut self) {
-        self.clients.retain(|_, c| c.last_seen.elapsed().as_secs() < 10);
-    }
-
-    pub fn drain_actions(&mut self) -> Vec<(u32, u32, u16)> {
-        self.clients.values_mut()
-            .flat_map(|c| {
-                let entity_id = c.entity_id;
-                c.pending_actions.drain(..)
-                    .map(move |(target_tick, action)| (entity_id, target_tick, action))
-            })
-            .collect()
-    }
-
-    pub fn broadcast(&self, world: &World, tick: u32) {
-        for (addr, client) in &self.clients {
-            if tick % 2 != client.send_phase as u32 { continue; }
-
-            // Step 1 — resolve player position
-            let Some(entity) = world.entities.get(&client.entity_id) else { continue };
-            let pos = entity.pos;
-            let (player_cx, player_cy) = crate::world::tile_to_chunk(pos.0, pos.1);
-
-            // Step 2 — build 9-slot chunk manifest
-            let mut chunks = [ChunkEntry { chunk_id: 0, version: 0 }; 9];
-            for dy in -1i16..=1 {
-                for dx in -1i16..=1 {
-                    let slot = ((dy + 1) * 3 + (dx + 1)) as usize;
-                    let cx = player_cx + dx;
-                    let cy = player_cy + dy;
-                    chunks[slot] = ChunkEntry {
-                        chunk_id: shared::chunk_id(cx, cy),
-                        version:  world.chunk(cx, cy).map_or(0, |c| c.version),
-                    };
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Step 3 — build EntityEntry list + checksum
-            let viewport_entities = world.entities_in_viewport(pos);
-            let mut entries: Vec<EntityEntry> = viewport_entities.iter().map(|e| EntityEntry {
-                id:           e.id,
-                type_id:      e.type_id,
-                pos_x:        e.pos.0,
-                pos_y:        e.pos.1,
-                hp:           e.hp,
-                hp_max:       e.hp_max,
-                elo:          0,
-                entity_flags: 0,
-                meta_len:     0,
-            }).collect();
-            if entries.len() > 66 {
-                entries.truncate(66); // TODO: multi-datagram
-            }
-            let checksum = fnv1a_entities(&entries);
-
-            // Step 4 — send StatePacket (72 bytes)
-            let state = StatePacket {
-                header:           Header::new(packet_type::STATE),
-                tick,
-                chunks,
-                player_entity_id: client.entity_id,
-                entity_checksum:  checksum,
-            };
-            let _ = self.send_tx.send((*addr, bytes_of(&state).to_vec()));
-
-            // Step 5 — send EntityPacket (1200 bytes)
-            let mut pkt = <EntityPacket as bytemuck::Zeroable>::zeroed();
-            pkt.header       = Header::new(packet_type::ENTITY);
-            pkt.tick         = tick;
-            pkt.entity_count = entries.len() as u8;
-            pkt.packet_flags = 0; // no more-flag; single datagram
-            for (i, e) in entries.iter().enumerate() { pkt.entities[i] = *e; }
-            let _ = self.send_tx.send((*addr, bytes_of(&pkt).to_vec()));
-
-            // Step 6 — send ChunkPackets for cache misses
-            for slot in 0..9 {
-                let current  = chunks[slot];
-                let cached   = client.last_cache[slot];
-                let miss = cached.chunk_id != current.chunk_id || cached.version != current.version;
-                if miss {
-                    let (cx, cy) = shared::chunk_coords(current.chunk_id);
-                    if let Some(chunk) = world.chunk(cx, cy) {
-                        let mut cpkt = <ChunkPacket as bytemuck::Zeroable>::zeroed();
-                        cpkt.header    = Header::new(packet_type::CHUNK);
-                        cpkt.chunk     = current;
-                        cpkt.pal_count = chunk.pal_count;
-                        for i in 0..64 { cpkt.palette[i] = chunk.palette[i].tile_id; }
-                        cpkt.tiles     = pack_tiles(&chunk.tiles);
-                        let _ = self.send_tx.send((*addr, bytes_of(&cpkt).to_vec()));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn fnv1a_entities(entries: &[EntityEntry]) -> u32 {
-    const FNV_BASIS: u32 = 2_166_136_261;
-    const FNV_PRIME: u32 = 16_777_619;
-    let mut h = FNV_BASIS;
-    for e in entries {
-        for &byte in bytes_of(e) {
-            h ^= byte as u32;
-            h = h.wrapping_mul(FNV_PRIME);
-        }
-    }
-    h
-}
-
-fn pack_tiles(tiles: &[u8; 1024]) -> [u8; 768] {
-    let mut raw = [0u8; 768];
-    for i in 0..256 {
-        let ia = tiles[i*4]   & 0x3F;
-        let ib = tiles[i*4+1] & 0x3F;
-        let ic = tiles[i*4+2] & 0x3F;
-        let id = tiles[i*4+3] & 0x3F;
-        raw[i*3]   = ia | (ib << 6);
-        raw[i*3+1] = (ib >> 2) | (ic << 4);
-        raw[i*3+2] = (ic >> 4) | (id << 2);
-    }
-    raw
-}

server/src/sim.rs

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap};
-use shared::{ACTION_WINDOW_HORIZON, TICKS_PER_MOVE};
-use crate::world::World;
-
-pub struct Sim {
-    pub world:   World,
-    /// Scheduled actions per entity, keyed by movement window (`tick / TICKS_PER_MOVE`).
-    /// The window slot is the whole ordering model: an action addressed to an occupied
-    /// window *replaces* it (retraction and rescheduling by the client, dedup of
-    /// retransmits), a late action only fills the next window if it is empty, and
-    /// anything past `ACTION_WINDOW_HORIZON` is dropped — so no client can grow server
-    /// memory or move faster than one action per window.
-    pending:     HashMap<u32, BTreeMap<u32, u16>>,
-}
-
-impl Sim {
-    pub fn new(world: World) -> Self {
-        Self { world, pending: HashMap::new() }
-    }
-
-    pub fn tick(&mut self, tick: u32, actions: &[(u32, u32, u16)]) {
-        // The earliest window still addressable at this tick. On a movement tick that is
-        // the window executing *this call* — actions arriving the same tick still count.
-        let min_window = tick.div_ceil(TICKS_PER_MOVE);
-
-        for &(entity_id, target_tick, action) in actions {
-            let slots = self.pending.entry(entity_id).or_default();
-            let window = target_tick.div_ceil(TICKS_PER_MOVE);
-            if window < min_window {
-                // Late. A movement action keeps its *order* instead of its time: it
-                // fills the first still-empty upcoming window, so bunched late arrivals
-                // don't collapse onto one slot and eat each other. A late NOOP is
-                // dropped — once its window has passed, its cancellation intent is
-                // ambiguous, and as a gap-filler it would block real steps (worst case
-                // one stale step executes; the client's reconciliation handles that).
-                if shared::action_delta(action).is_some() {
-                    let gap = (min_window..min_window + ACTION_WINDOW_HORIZON as u32)
-                        .find(|w| !slots.contains_key(w));
-                    if let Some(w) = gap {
-                        slots.insert(w, action);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else if window - min_window < ACTION_WINDOW_HORIZON as u32 {
-                slots.insert(window, action); // newest addressing wins
-            }
-        }
-
-        if tick.is_multiple_of(TICKS_PER_MOVE) {
-            self.entity_tick(tick / TICKS_PER_MOVE);
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn entity_tick(&mut self, window: u32) {
-        // Exactly one action per entity per movement window, then the window is gone.
-        let actions: Vec<(u32, u16)> = self.pending.iter_mut()
-            .filter_map(|(&id, slots)| {
-                let action = slots.remove(&window);
-                slots.retain(|&w, _| w > window); // drop anything the timeline passed by
-                action.map(|a| (id, a))
-            })
-            .collect();
-        self.pending.retain(|_, slots| !slots.is_empty());
-
-        for (entity_id, action) in actions {
-            let delta = match shared::action_delta(action) {
-                Some(d) => d,
-                None => continue, // NOOP or garbage
-            };
-            let pos = match self.world.entities.get(&entity_id) {
-                Some(e) => e.pos,
-                None => continue,
-            };
-            let from = (pos.0 as i32, pos.1 as i32);
-            let to = (from.0 + delta.0, from.1 + delta.1);
-            // `step_allowed` is the shared movement rule (chessboard geometry, no corner
-            // cutting) — the client predicts with the exact same function.
-            let allowed = shared::step_allowed(from, to, |x, y| {
-                self.world.tile_flags(x as i16, y as i16).map_or(true, |f| f.collidable())
-            });
-            if allowed {
-                self.world.move_entity(entity_id, (to.0 as i16, to.1 as i16));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

shared/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "shared"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2024"
-
-[dependencies]
-bytemuck = { version = "1.24.0", features = ["derive", "min_const_generics"] }

shared/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
-
-pub mod player_action {
-    pub const NOOP:       u16 = 0;
-    pub const NORTH:      u16 = 1;
-    pub const EAST:       u16 = 2;
-    pub const SOUTH:      u16 = 3;
-    pub const WEST:       u16 = 4;
-    pub const NORTH_EAST: u16 = 5;
-    pub const SOUTH_EAST: u16 = 6;
-    pub const SOUTH_WEST: u16 = 7;
-    pub const NORTH_WEST: u16 = 8;
-}
-
-/// The movement delta of an action, or `None` for `NOOP` and unknown values.
-pub fn action_delta(action: u16) -> Option<(i32, i32)> {
-    match action {
-        player_action::NORTH      => Some((0, -1)),
-        player_action::EAST       => Some((1,  0)),
-        player_action::SOUTH      => Some((0,  1)),
-        player_action::WEST       => Some((-1, 0)),
-        player_action::NORTH_EAST => Some((1, -1)),
-        player_action::SOUTH_EAST => Some((1,  1)),
-        player_action::SOUTH_WEST => Some((-1, 1)),
-        player_action::NORTH_WEST => Some((-1, -1)),
-        _                         => None,
-    }
-}
-
-/// The action for a single-step delta. Inverse of [`action_delta`]; panics on anything
-/// that is not a king move.
-pub fn delta_action(dx: i32, dy: i32) -> u16 {
-    match (dx, dy) {
-        (0, -1)  => player_action::NORTH,
-        (1,  0)  => player_action::EAST,
-        (0,  1)  => player_action::SOUTH,
-        (-1, 0)  => player_action::WEST,
-        (1, -1)  => player_action::NORTH_EAST,
-        (1,  1)  => player_action::SOUTH_EAST,
-        (-1, 1)  => player_action::SOUTH_WEST,
-        (-1, -1) => player_action::NORTH_WEST,
-        d        => panic!("non-step delta {d:?}"),
-    }
-}
-
-/// The single-step movement rule, shared by the server sim, client prediction and the
-/// client pathfinder so all three agree on the same physics.
-///
-/// World geometry is chessboard (Chebyshev): diagonal and cardinal steps are the same
-/// distance, so a step is any king move onto a free tile. A diagonal step additionally
-/// requires *both* orthogonal neighbor tiles to be free — no squeezing between two
-/// diagonally touching blockers (corner cutting).
-pub fn step_allowed(
-    from: (i32, i32),
-    to: (i32, i32),
-    blocked: impl Fn(i32, i32) -> bool,
-) -> bool {
-    let (dx, dy) = (to.0 - from.0, to.1 - from.1);
-    if dx.abs() > 1 || dy.abs() > 1 || (dx == 0 && dy == 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if blocked(to.0, to.1) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    dx == 0 || dy == 0 || (!blocked(from.0 + dx, from.1) && !blocked(from.0, from.1 + dy))
-}
-
-/// Server base tick rate. The shared timeline all action scheduling is expressed in.
-pub const TICK_HZ: u32 = 24;
-
-/// Movement resolves on every `TICKS_PER_MOVE`-th tick — one "movement window" per
-/// `TICKS_PER_MOVE` ticks (6 Hz). Window `w` executes at tick `w * TICKS_PER_MOVE`.
-pub const TICKS_PER_MOVE: u32 = 4;
-
-/// How many *future* movement windows a client may address. Part of the protocol
-/// contract: actions targeted beyond this horizon are dropped, and the client's
-/// unconfirmed in-flight steps must stay within it.
-pub const ACTION_WINDOW_HORIZON: usize = 3;
-
-pub const MAGIC:   u16 = 0x524C;
-pub const VERSION: u8  = 1;
-
-pub mod packet_type {
-    pub const STATE:         u8 = 0;
-    pub const ACTION:        u8 = 1;
-    pub const CHUNK:         u8 = 2;
-    pub const ENTITY:        u8 = 3;
-    pub const ENTITY_QUERY:  u8 = 4;
-    pub const ENTITY_DETAIL: u8 = 5;
-    pub const PING:          u8 = 6;
-    pub const PONG:          u8 = 7;
-}
-
-/// Encodes signed chunk grid coordinates into the wire chunk_id format.
-pub fn chunk_id(cx: i16, cy: i16) -> u32 {
-    (cx as u16 as u32) | ((cy as u16 as u32) << 16)
-}
-
-/// Decodes a wire chunk_id back to signed chunk grid coordinates.
-pub fn chunk_coords(id: u32) -> (i16, i16) {
-    (id as u16 as i16, (id >> 16) as u16 as i16)
-}
-
-/// Shared movement vocabulary: whether a tile id blocks movement.
-///
-/// Single source of truth for both the server (collision in the sim) and the client
-/// (movement prediction). Keep this in lockstep with the tileset in `overworld.tga`.
-///
-/// Test values for now — a proper tile-data file format replaces this table later.
-pub fn tile_collidable(tile_id: u16) -> bool {
-    match tile_id {
-        0   => true, // empty / world border (the server pads chunks past the map rim with id 0)
-        146 => true, // trees / rocks
-        _   => false,
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-pub struct Header {
-    pub magic:       u16,
-    pub version:     u8,
-    pub packet_type: u8,
-    pub client_type: u16,
-}
-
-impl Header {
-    pub fn new(packet_type: u8) -> Self {
-        Self { magic: MAGIC, version: VERSION, packet_type, client_type: 0 }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-pub struct ChunkEntry {
-    pub chunk_id: u32,
-    pub version:  u16,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-pub struct ActionPacket {
-    pub header:        Header,
-    pub auth_token:    u64,
-    /// The server tick this action is scheduled for: it executes in the movement window
-    /// covering that tick, or — if it arrives late — in the next window *if that slot is
-    /// still empty* (late actions fill gaps, they never override newer intent). A second
-    /// action addressed to the same window replaces the first, so a scheduled step can be
-    /// retracted (NOOP) or changed until its window executes. `0` means "no scheduling
-    /// intent": pure keep-alive / cache-ack packets that must never touch the queue.
-    pub target_tick:   u32,
-    /// Slot index = (dy+1)*3 + (dx+1), dx/dy ∈ {-1, 0, 1}.
-    /// Slot 4 is always the player's current chunk.
-    pub cache:         [ChunkEntry; 9],
-    pub player_action: u16,
-}
-
-const _: () = assert!(std::mem::size_of::<ChunkEntry>()   ==  6);
-const _: () = assert!(std::mem::size_of::<ActionPacket>() == 74);
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-pub struct StatePacket {
-    pub header:           Header,           //  6  (offset  0)
-    pub tick:             u32,              //  4  (offset  6)
-    /// Slot index = (dy+1)*3 + (dx+1), dx/dy ∈ {-1, 0, 1}.
-    /// Slot 4 is always the player's current chunk.
-    pub chunks:           [ChunkEntry; 9],  // 54  (offset 10)
-    pub player_entity_id: u32,              //  4  (offset 64)
-    pub entity_checksum:  u32,              //  4  (offset 68)
-}                                           // total: 72 bytes
-
-const _: () = assert!(std::mem::size_of::<StatePacket>() == 72);
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-pub struct PingPacket {
-    pub header:       Header,
-    pub timestamp_ms: u64,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-pub struct PongPacket {
-    pub header:       Header,
-    pub timestamp_ms: u64,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-pub struct ChunkPacket {
-    pub header:    Header,      //   6 bytes
-    pub chunk:     ChunkEntry,  //   6 bytes
-    pub pal_count: u8,          //   1 byte
-    pub palette:   [u16; 64],  // 128 bytes
-    pub tiles:     [u8; 768],  // 768 bytes — 1024 tiles, 6-bit packed
-}                               // total: 909 bytes
-
-const _: () = assert!(std::mem::size_of::<ChunkPacket>() == 909);
-
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-pub struct EntityEntry {
-    pub id:           u32,
-    pub type_id:      u16,
-    pub pos_x:        i16,
-    pub pos_y:        i16,
-    pub hp:           u16,
-    pub hp_max:       u16,
-    pub elo:          u16,
-    pub entity_flags: u8,
-    pub meta_len:     u8,
-}
-const _: () = assert!(std::mem::size_of::<EntityEntry>() == 18);
-
-#[repr(C, packed)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
-pub struct EntityPacket {
-    pub header:       Header,
-    pub tick:         u32,
-    pub entity_count: u8,
-    pub packet_flags: u8,
-    pub entities:     [EntityEntry; 66],
-}
-const _: () = assert!(std::mem::size_of::<EntityPacket>() == 1200);

sim/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "netsim"
+name = "sim"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"
 

sim/src/chunk.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/// Gameplay properties of a tile, derived from its id (see `map::tile_flags`).
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct TileFlags(pub u8);
+
+impl TileFlags {
+    pub const COLLIDABLE: u8 = 1 << 0;
+    pub const OPAQUE:     u8 = 1 << 1;
+    pub const LIQUID:     u8 = 1 << 2;
+
+    pub fn collidable(self) -> bool { self.0 & Self::COLLIDABLE != 0 }
+    pub fn opaque(self)     -> bool { self.0 & Self::OPAQUE != 0 }
+    pub fn liquid(self)     -> bool { self.0 & Self::LIQUID != 0 }
+}
+
+pub const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 32;
+pub const CHUNK_TILES: usize = CHUNK_SIZE * CHUNK_SIZE;
+
+/// A 32×32 block of tile ids, row-major. This is the whole chunk: flags are derived from
+/// the id on lookup, so the in-memory layout is already the plain `u16` array a binary
+/// on-disk format would store.
+pub struct Chunk {
+    pub tiles: Box<[u16; CHUNK_TILES]>,
+}
+
+impl Chunk {
+    /// All tiles id 0 (empty / solid border).
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self { tiles: Box::new([0; CHUNK_TILES]) }
+    }
+
+    /// World gen path. Calls the closure for every local tile coordinate.
+    pub fn generate(f: impl Fn(u8, u8) -> u16) -> Self {
+        let mut chunk = Self::new();
+        for ly in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
+            for lx in 0..CHUNK_SIZE {
+                chunk.tiles[ly * CHUNK_SIZE + lx] = f(lx as u8, ly as u8);
+            }
+        }
+        chunk
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_tile(&mut self, lx: u8, ly: u8, id: u16) {
+        self.tiles[ly as usize * CHUNK_SIZE + lx as usize] = id;
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_tile(&self, lx: u8, ly: u8) -> u16 {
+        self.tiles[ly as usize * CHUNK_SIZE + lx as usize]
+    }
+
+    pub fn tile_flags(&self, lx: u8, ly: u8) -> TileFlags {
+        crate::map::tile_flags(self.get_tile(lx, ly))
+    }
+}

sim/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+//! Headless world simulation: tiles, entities, movement rules and the tick loop.
+//! No platform or rendering dependencies — the game binary drives `Sim::tick`.
+
+pub mod chunk;
+pub mod entity;
+pub mod map;
+pub mod world;
+mod sim;
+
+pub use sim::Sim;
+
+use chunk::Chunk;
+use map::TileMap;
+use world::World;
+
+pub mod player_action {
+    pub const NOOP:       u16 = 0;
+    pub const NORTH:      u16 = 1;
+    pub const EAST:       u16 = 2;
+    pub const SOUTH:      u16 = 3;
+    pub const WEST:       u16 = 4;
+    pub const NORTH_EAST: u16 = 5;
+    pub const SOUTH_EAST: u16 = 6;
+    pub const SOUTH_WEST: u16 = 7;
+    pub const NORTH_WEST: u16 = 8;
+}
+
+/// The movement delta of an action, or `None` for `NOOP` and unknown values.
+pub fn action_delta(action: u16) -> Option<(i32, i32)> {
+    match action {
+        player_action::NORTH      => Some((0, -1)),
+        player_action::EAST       => Some((1,  0)),
+        player_action::SOUTH      => Some((0,  1)),
+        player_action::WEST       => Some((-1, 0)),
+        player_action::NORTH_EAST => Some((1, -1)),
+        player_action::SOUTH_EAST => Some((1,  1)),
+        player_action::SOUTH_WEST => Some((-1, 1)),
+        player_action::NORTH_WEST => Some((-1, -1)),
+        _                         => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The action for a single-step delta. Inverse of [`action_delta`]; panics on anything
+/// that is not a king move.
+pub fn delta_action(dx: i32, dy: i32) -> u16 {
+    match (dx, dy) {
+        (0, -1)  => player_action::NORTH,
+        (1,  0)  => player_action::EAST,
+        (0,  1)  => player_action::SOUTH,
+        (-1, 0)  => player_action::WEST,
+        (1, -1)  => player_action::NORTH_EAST,
+        (1,  1)  => player_action::SOUTH_EAST,
+        (-1, 1)  => player_action::SOUTH_WEST,
+        (-1, -1) => player_action::NORTH_WEST,
+        d        => panic!("non-step delta {d:?}"),
+    }
+}
+
+/// The single-step movement rule, shared by the sim and the pathfinder so both agree
+/// on the same physics.
+///
+/// World geometry is chessboard (Chebyshev): diagonal and cardinal steps are the same
+/// distance, so a step is any king move onto a free tile. A diagonal step additionally
+/// requires *both* orthogonal neighbor tiles to be free — no squeezing between two
+/// diagonally touching blockers (corner cutting).
+pub fn step_allowed(
+    from: (i32, i32),
+    to: (i32, i32),
+    blocked: impl Fn(i32, i32) -> bool,
+) -> bool {
+    let (dx, dy) = (to.0 - from.0, to.1 - from.1);
+    if dx.abs() > 1 || dy.abs() > 1 || (dx == 0 && dy == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if blocked(to.0, to.1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    dx == 0 || dy == 0 || (!blocked(from.0 + dx, from.1) && !blocked(from.0, from.1 + dy))
+}
+
+/// Base tick rate. The timeline all action scheduling is expressed in.
+pub const TICK_HZ: u32 = 24;
+
+/// Movement resolves on every `TICKS_PER_MOVE`-th tick — one "movement window" per
+/// `TICKS_PER_MOVE` ticks (6 Hz). Window `w` executes at tick `w * TICKS_PER_MOVE`.
+pub const TICKS_PER_MOVE: u32 = 4;
+
+/// Movement vocabulary: whether a tile id blocks movement. Keep this in lockstep with
+/// the tileset in `overworld.tga`.
+///
+/// Test values for now — a proper tile-data file format replaces this table later.
+pub fn tile_collidable(tile_id: u16) -> bool {
+    match tile_id {
+        0   => true, // empty / world border (chunks past the map rim are padded with id 0)
+        146 => true, // trees / rocks
+        _   => false,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Build a world from a loaded tile map. The map's top-left tile sits at world (0, 0); the
+/// map is sliced into 32×32 chunks. Tiles inside a loaded chunk but outside the authored map
+/// get id 0 (solid, see `tile_collidable`), so the walkable world edge sits flush with the
+/// visible map rim instead of with the larger chunk boundary.
+pub fn load_world(map: &TileMap) -> World {
+    let mut w = World::new();
+    let max_cx = (map.width.saturating_sub(1) >> 5) as i16;
+    let max_cy = (map.height.saturating_sub(1) >> 5) as i16;
+    for cy in 0..=max_cy {
+        for cx in 0..=max_cx {
+            let chunk = Chunk::generate(|lx, ly| {
+                let (wx, wy) = world::local_to_tile(cx, cy, lx, ly);
+                map.tile(wx, wy) // 0 outside the map
+            });
+            w.set_chunk(cx, cy, chunk);
+        }
+    }
+    w
+}

sim/src/map.rs

@@ -64,12 +64,12 @@ impl TileMap {
     }
 }
 
-/// Gameplay flags for a global tile id. Collision comes from the shared movement
+/// Gameplay flags for a global tile id. Collision comes from the movement vocabulary
-/// vocabulary (`shared::tile_collidable`) so the client can predict it identically;
+/// (`crate::tile_collidable`) so the pathfinder predicts it identically; other flags
-/// other flags (opaque, …) stay server-side. Tile ids index into `overworld.tga`.
+/// (opaque, …) will join here. Tile ids index into `overworld.png`.
 pub fn tile_flags(tile_id: u16) -> TileFlags {
     let mut bits = 0u8;
-    if shared::tile_collidable(tile_id) {
+    if crate::tile_collidable(tile_id) {
         bits |= TileFlags::COLLIDABLE;
     }
     TileFlags(bits)

sim/src/sim.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use crate::TICKS_PER_MOVE;
+use crate::world::World;
+
+pub struct Sim {
+    pub world: World,
+    /// Base tick counter (24 Hz). Movement resolves every `TICKS_PER_MOVE`-th tick.
+    pub tick:  u32,
+    /// Each entity's intent for the next movement window. Setting it again replaces
+    /// it, executing the window consumes it — so an actor moves at most one tile per
+    /// window no matter how often it changes its mind in between.
+    intents:   HashMap<u32, u16>,
+}
+
+impl Sim {
+    pub fn new(world: World) -> Self {
+        Self { world, tick: 0, intents: HashMap::new() }
+    }
+
+    /// Schedule `action` for `entity_id`'s next movement window. NOOP clears the intent.
+    pub fn set_action(&mut self, entity_id: u32, action: u16) {
+        if crate::action_delta(action).is_some() {
+            self.intents.insert(entity_id, action);
+        } else {
+            self.intents.remove(&entity_id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear_action(&mut self, entity_id: u32) {
+        self.intents.remove(&entity_id);
+    }
+
+    /// Advance the world by one base tick. Returns `true` when this tick executed a
+    /// movement window, i.e. entity positions may have changed.
+    pub fn step(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.tick = self.tick.wrapping_add(1);
+        if self.tick.is_multiple_of(TICKS_PER_MOVE) {
+            self.entity_tick();
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn entity_tick(&mut self) {
+        for (entity_id, action) in self.intents.drain() {
+            let delta = match crate::action_delta(action) {
+                Some(d) => d,
+                None => continue,
+            };
+            let pos = match self.world.entities.get(&entity_id) {
+                Some(e) => e.pos,
+                None => continue,
+            };
+            let from = (pos.0 as i32, pos.1 as i32);
+            let to = (from.0 + delta.0, from.1 + delta.1);
+            // `step_allowed` is the shared movement rule (chessboard geometry, no corner
+            // cutting) — the pathfinder plans with the exact same function.
+            let allowed = crate::step_allowed(from, to, |x, y| {
+                self.world.tile_flags(x as i16, y as i16).map_or(true, |f| f.collidable())
+            });
+            if allowed {
+                self.world.move_entity(entity_id, (to.0 as i16, to.1 as i16));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::chunk::Chunk;
+    use crate::player_action;
+
+    /// Open floor (id 1) with a single wall tile at (5, 4) — id 146 is collidable in
+    /// the tile vocabulary.
+    fn open_world() -> World {
+        let mut w = World::new();
+        w.set_chunk(0, 0, Chunk::generate(|lx, ly| if (lx, ly) == (5, 4) { 146 } else { 1 }));
+        w
+    }
+
+    fn step_window(sim: &mut Sim) {
+        for _ in 0..TICKS_PER_MOVE {
+            sim.step();
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn one_step_per_window_and_replacement() {
+        let mut sim = Sim::new(open_world());
+        let id = sim.world.spawn_entity(0, (4, 4), 1);
+        sim.set_action(id, player_action::SOUTH);
+        sim.set_action(id, player_action::NORTH); // replaces
+        sim.step(); // no window yet
+        assert_eq!(sim.world.entities[&id].pos, (4, 4));
+        step_window(&mut sim);
+        assert_eq!(sim.world.entities[&id].pos, (4, 3));
+        step_window(&mut sim); // intent consumed — no second step
+        assert_eq!(sim.world.entities[&id].pos, (4, 3));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn blocked_and_out_of_world_steps_are_rejected() {
+        let mut sim = Sim::new(open_world());
+        let id = sim.world.spawn_entity(0, (4, 4), 1);
+        sim.set_action(id, player_action::EAST); // into the wall at (5, 4)
+        step_window(&mut sim);
+        assert_eq!(sim.world.entities[&id].pos, (4, 4));
+
+        let edge = sim.world.spawn_entity(0, (0, 0), 1);
+        sim.set_action(edge, player_action::WEST); // no chunk there
+        step_window(&mut sim);
+        assert_eq!(sim.world.entities[&edge].pos, (0, 0));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn noop_clears_intent() {
+        let mut sim = Sim::new(open_world());
+        let id = sim.world.spawn_entity(0, (4, 4), 1);
+        sim.set_action(id, player_action::SOUTH);
+        sim.set_action(id, player_action::NOOP);
+        step_window(&mut sim);
+        assert_eq!(sim.world.entities[&id].pos, (4, 4));
+    }
+}

sim/src/world.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use crate::chunk::{Chunk, TileDef, TileFlags, PaletteFullError};
+use crate::chunk::{Chunk, TileFlags};
 use crate::entity::Entity;
 
 pub fn tile_to_chunk(tx: i16, ty: i16) -> (i16, i16) {
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ impl World {
         self.chunks.get(&(cx, cy)).map(|c| c.tile_flags(lx, ly))
     }
 
-    pub fn set_tile(&mut self, wx: i16, wy: i16, def: TileDef) -> Result<(), PaletteFullError> {
+    pub fn set_tile(&mut self, wx: i16, wy: i16, id: u16) {
         let (cx, cy) = tile_to_chunk(wx, wy);
         let (lx, ly) = tile_to_local(wx, wy);
         let chunk = self.chunks.entry((cx, cy)).or_insert_with(Chunk::new);
-        chunk.set_tile(lx, ly, def)
+        chunk.set_tile(lx, ly, id);
     }
 
     pub fn spawn_entity(&mut self, type_id: u16, pos: (i16, i16), hp: u16) -> u32 {